Internationaal Verdrag betreffende de uitwatering van schepen, 1966

The Administration shall satisfy itself that the general structural strength of the ship is sufficient for the draught corresponding to the freeboard assigned. Ships built and maintained in conformity with the requirements of a classification society recognized by the Administration may be considered to possess adequate strength.

• (1)

  Ships with mechanical means of propulsion or lighters, barges or other ships without independent means of propulsion, shall be assigned freeboards in accordance with the provisions of Regulations 1-40 inclusive of this Annex.

• (2)

  Ships carrying timber deck cargoes may be assigned, in addition to the freeboards prescribed in paragraph (1) of this Regulation, timber freeboards in accordance with the provisions of Regulations 41-45 inclusive of this Annex.

• (3)

  Ships designed to carry sail, whether as the sole means of propulsion or as a supplementary means, and tugs, shall be assigned freerboards in accordance with the provisions of Regulations 1-40 inclusive of this Annex. Such additional freeboard shall be required as determined by the Administration.

• (4)

  Ships of wood or of composite construction, or of other materials the use of which the Administration has approved, or ships whose constructional features are such as to render the application of the provisions of this Annex unreasonable or impracticable, shall be assigned freeboards as determined by the Administration.

• (5)

  Regulations 10 to 26 inclusive of this Annex shall apply to every ship to which a minimum freeboard is assigned. Relaxations from these requirements may be granted to a ship to which a greater than minimum freeboard is assigned on condition that the Administration is satisfied with the safety conditions provided.

• (6)

  Regulation 22(2) and regulation 27 shall apply only to ships the keels of which are laid or which are at a similar stage of construction on or after the date on which the Protocol of 1988 Relating to the International Convention on Load Lines, 1966 enters into force.

• (7)

  New ships, other than those specified in paragraph 6, shall comply either with regulation 27 of the present Convention (as amended) or with regulation 27 of the International Convention on Load Lines, 1966 (as adopted on 5 April 1966), as determined by the Administration.

• (1)

  Length. The length (L) shall be taken as 96% of the total length on a waterline at 85% of the least moulded depth measured from the top of the keel, or as the length from the fore-side of the stem to the axis of the rudder stock on that waterline, if that be greater. Where the stem contour is concave above the waterline at 85% of the least moulded depth, both the forward terminal of the total length and the fore-side of the stem respectively shall be taken at the vertical projection to that waterline of the aftermost point of the stem contour (above that waterline). In ships designed with a rake of keel the waterline on which this length is measured shall be parallel to the designed waterline.

• (2)

  Perpendiculars. The forward and after perpendiculars shall be taken at the forward and after ends of the length (L). The forward perpendicular shall coincide with the foreside of the stem on the waterline on which the length is measured.

• (3)

  Amidships. Amidships is at the middle of the length (L).

• (4)

  Breadth. Unless expressly provided otherwise, the breadth (B) is the maximum breadth of the ship, measured amidships to the moulded line of the frame in a ship with a metal shell and to the outer surface of the hull in a ship with a shell of any other material.

• (5)

  Moulded Depth

  • (a)

    The moulded depth is the vertical distance measured from the top of the keel to the top of the freeboard deck beam at side. In wood and composite ships the distance is measured from the lower edge of the keel bbet. Where the form at the lower part of the midship section is of a hollow character, or where thick garboards are fitted, the distance is sured from the point where the line of the flat of the bottom continued inwards cuts the side of the keel.

  • (b)

    In ships having rounded gunwales, the moulded depth shall be measured to the point of intersection of the moulded lines of deck and sides, the lines extending as though the gunwale were of angular design.

  • (c)

    Where the freeboard deck is stepped and the raised part of the deck extends over the point at which the moulded depth is to be determined, the moulded depth shall be measured to a line of reference extending from the lower part of the deck along a line parallel with the raised part.

• (6)

  Depth for Freeboard (D)

  • (a)

    The depth for freeboard (D) is the moulded depth amidships, plus the thickness of the freeboard deck stringer plate, where fitted, plus

    if the exposed freeboard deck is sheathed, where

    T is the mean thickness of the exposed sheathing clear of deck openings, and

    S is the total length of superstructures as defined in sub-paragraph (10) (d ) of this Regulation.

  • (b)

    The depth for freeboard (D) in a ship having a rounded gunwale with a radius greater than 4 per cent of the breadth (B) or having topsides of unusual form is the depth for freeboard of a ship having a midship section with vertical topsides and with the same round of beam and area of topside section equal to that provided by the actual midship section.

• (7)

  Block Coefficient. The block coefficient (C_b) is given by

  ; where

  is the volume of the moulded displacement of the ship, excluding bossing, in a ship with a metal shell, and is the volume of displacement to the outer surface of the hull in a ship with a shell of any other material, both taken at a moulded draught of d₁: and where

  d₁ is 85 per cent of the least moulded depth.

• (8)

  Freeboard. The freeboard assigned is the distance measured vertically downwards amidships from the upper edge of the deck line to the upper edge of the related load line.

• (9)

  Freeboard Deck. The freeboard deck is normally the uppermost complete deck exposed to weather and sea, which has permanent means of closing all openings in the weather part thereof, and below which all openings in the sides of the ship are fitted with permanent means of watertight closing. In a ship having a discontinuous freeboard deck, the lowest line of the exposed deck and the continuation of that line parallel to the upper part of the deck is taken as the freeboard deck. At the option of the owner and subject to the approval of the Administration, a lower deck may be designated as the freeboard deck, provided it is a complete and permanent deck continuous in a fore and aft direction at least between the machinery space and peak bulkheads and continuous athwartships. When this lower deck is stepped the lowest line of the deck and the continuation of that line parallel to the upper part of the deck is taken as the freeboard deck. When a lower deck is designated as the freeboard deck, that part of the hull which extends above the freeboard deck is treated as a superstructure so far as concerns the application of the conditions of assignment and the calculation of freeboard. It is from this deck that the freeboard is calculated.

• (10)

  Superstructure

  • (a)

    A superstructure is a decked structure on the freeboard deck, extending from side to side of the ship or with the side plating not being inboard of the shell plating more than 4 per cent of the breadth (B). A raised quarter deck is regarded as a superstructure.

  • (b)

    An enclosed superstructure is a superstructure with:

    • (i)

      enclosing bulkheads of efficient construction;

    • (ii)

      access openings, if any, in these bulkheads fitted with doors complying with the requirements of Regulation 12;

    • (iii)

      all other openings in sides or ends of the superstructure fitted with efficient weathertight means of closing.

    A bridge or poop shall not be regarded as enclosed unless access is provided for the crew to reach machinery and other working spaces inside these superstructures by alternative means which are available at all times when bulkhead openings are closed.

  • (c)

    The height of a superstructure is the least vertical height measured at side from the top of the superstructure deck beams to the top of the freeboard deck beams.

  • (d)

    The length of a superstructure (S) is the mean length of the part of the superstructure which lies within the length (L).

• (11)

  Flush Deck Ship. A flush deck ship is one which has no superstructure on the freeboard deck.

• (12)

  Weathertight. Weathertight means that in any sea conditions water will not penetrate into the ship.

The deck line is a horizontal line 300 millimetres (12 inches) in length and 25 millimetres (1 inch) in breadth. It shall be marked amidships on each side of the ship, and its upper edge shall normally pass through the point where the continuation outwards of the upper surface of the freeboard deck intersects the outer surface of the shell (as illustrated in Figure 1), provided that the deck line may be placed with reference to another fixed point on the ship on condition that the freeboard is correspondingly corrected. The location of the reference point and the identification of the freeboard deck shall in all cases be indicated on the International Load Line Certificate (1966).

The Load Line Mark shall consist of a ring 300 millimetres (12 inches) in outside diameter and 25 millimetres (1 inch) wide which is intersected by a horizontal line 450 millimetres (18 inches) in length and 25 millimetres (1 inch) in breadth, the upper edge of which passes through the centre of the ring. The centre of the ring shall be placed amidships and at a distance equal to the assigned summer freeboard measured vertically below the upper edge of the deck line.

• (1)

  The lines which indicate the load line assigned in accordance with these Regulations shall be horizontal lines 230 millimetres (9 inches) in length and 25 millimetres (1 inch) in breadth which extend forward of, unless expressly provided otherwise, and at right angles to, a vertical line 25 millimetres (1 inch) in breadth marked at a distance 540 millimetres (21 inches) forward of the centre of the ring (as illustrated in Figure 2).

• (2)

  The following load lines shall be used:

  • (a)

    The Summer Load Line indicated by the upper edge of the line which passes through the centre of the ring and also by a line marked S.

  • (b)

    The Winter Load Line indicated by the upper edge of a line marked W.

  • (c)

    The Winter North Atlantic Load Line indicated by the upper edge of a line marked WNA.

  • (d)

    The Tropical Load Line indicated by the upper edge of a line marked T.

  • (e)

    Fresh Water Load Line in summer indicated by the upper edge of a line marked F. The Fresh Water Load Line in summer is marked abaft the vertical line. The difference between the Fresh Water Load Line in summer and the Summer Load Line is the allowance to made for loading in fresh water at the other load lines.

  • (f)

    The Tropical Fresh Water Load Line indicated by the upper edge of a line marked TF, and marked abaft the vertical line.
• (3)

  If timber freeboards are assigned in accordance with these Regulations, the timber load lines shall be marked in addition to ordinary load lines. These lines shall be horizontal lines 230 millimetres (9 inches) in length and 25 millimetres (1 inch) in breadth which extend abaft unless expressly provided otherwise, and are at right angles to, a vertical line 25 millimetres (1 inch) in breadth marked at a distance 540 millimetres (21 inches) abaft the centre of the ring (as illustrated in Figure 3).

• (4)

  The following timber load lines shall be used:

  • (a)

    The summer Timber Load Line indicated by the upper edge of a line marked LS.

  • (b)

    The Winter Timber Load Line indicated by the upper edge of a line marked LW.

  • (c)

    The Winter North Atlantic Timber Load Line indicated by the upper edge of a line marked LWNA.

  • (d)

    The Tropical Timber Load Line indicated by the upper edge of a line marked LT.

  • (e)

    Fresh Water Timber Load Line in summer indicated by the upper edge of a line marked LF and marked forward of the vertical line.

    The difference between the Fresh Water Timber Load Line in summer and the Summer Timber Load Line is the allowance to be made for loading in fresh water at the other timber load lines.

  • (f)

    The Tropical Fresh Water Timber Load Line indicated by the upper edge of a line marked LTF and marked forward of the vertical line.

• (5)

  Where the characteristics of a ship or the nature of the ship's service or navigational limits make any of the seasonal lines inapplicable, these lines may be omitted.

• (6)

  Where a ship is assigned a greater than minimum freeboard so that the load line is marked at a position corresponding to, or lower than, the lowest seasonal load line assigned at minimum freeboard in accordance with the present Convention, only the Fresh Water Load Line need be marked.

• (7)

  On sailing ships only the Fresh Water Load Line and the Winter North Atlantic Load Line need be marked (as illustrated in Figure 4).

• (8)

  Where a Winter North Atlantic load line is identical with the Winter Load Line corresponding to the same vertical line, this load line shall be marked W.

• (9)

  Additional load lines required by other international conventions in force may be marked at right angles to and abaft the vertical line specified in paragraph (1) of this Regulation.

The mark of the Authority by whom the load lines are assigned may be indicated alongside the load line ring above the horizontal line which passes through the centre of the ring, or above and below it. This mark shall consist of not more than four initials to identify the Authority's name, each measuring approximately 115 millimetres (4½ inches) in height and 75 millimetres (3 inches) in width.

The ring, lines and letters shall be painted in white or yellow on a dark ground or in black on a light ground. They shall also be permanently marked on the sides of the ships to the satisfaction of the Administration. The marks shall be plainly visible and, if necessary, special arrangements shall be made for this purpose.

The International Load Line Certificate shall not be delivered to the ship until the officer or surveyor acting under the provisions of Article 13 of the present Convention has certified that the marks are correctly and permanently indicated on the ship's sides.

• (1)

  The master of every new ship shall be supplied with sufficient information, in an approved form, to enable him to arrange for the loading and ballasting of his ship in such a way as to avoid the creation of any unacceptable stresses in the ship's structure, provided that this requirement need not apply to any particular length, design or class of ship where the Administration considers it to be unnecessary.

• (2)

  Every ship which is not required under the International Convention for Safety of Life at Sea in force to undergo an inclining test upon its completion shall:

  • (a)

    be so inclined and the actual displacement and position of the centre of gravity shall be determined for the light ship condition;

  • (b)

    have supplied for the use of its master such reliable information in an approved form as is necessary to enable him by rapid and simple processes to obtain accurate guidance as to the stability of the ship under all conditions likely to be encountered in normal service;

  • (c)

    carry on board at all times its approved stability information together with evidence that the information has been approved by the Administration;

  • (d)

    if the Administration so approves, have its inclining test on completion dispensed with, provided basic stability data are available from the inclining test of a sister ship and it is shown to the satisfaction of the Administration that reliable stability information for the ship can be obtained from such basic data.

Bulkheads at exposed ends of enclosed superstructures shall be of efficient construction and shall be to the satisfaction of the Administration.

• (1)

  All access openings in bulkheads at ends of enclosed superstructures shall be fitted with doors of steel or other equivalent material, permanently and strongly attached to the bulkhead, and framed, stiffened and fitted so that the whole structure is of equivalent strength to the unpierced bulkhead and weathertight when closed. The means for securing these doors weathertight shall consist of gaskets and clamping devices or other equivalent means and shall be permanently attached to the bulkhead or to the doors themselves, and the doors shall be so arranged that they can be operated from both sides of the bulkhead.

• (2)

  Except as otherwise provided in these Regulations, the height of the sills of access openings in bulkheads at ends of enclosed superstructures shall be at least 380 millimetres (15 inches) above the deck.

For the purpose of the Regulations, two positions of hatchways, doorways and ventilators are defined as follows:

• (1)

  The construction and the means for securing the weathertightness of cargo and other hatchways in positions 1 and 2 shall be at least equivalent to the requirements of Regulations 15 and 16 of this Annex.

• (2)

  Coamings and hatchway covers to exposed hatchways on decks above the superstructure deck shall comply with the requirements of the Administration.

Hatchway Coamings

• (1)

  The coamings of hatchways closed by portable covers secured weathertight by tarpaulins and battening devices shall be of substantial construction, and their height above the deck shall be at least as follows:

  • 600 millimetres (23½ inches) if in position 1.

  • 450 millimetres (17½ inches) if in position 2.

Hatchway Covers

• (2)

  The width of each bearing surface for hatchway covers shall be at least 65 millimetres (2½ inches).

• (3)

  Where covers are made of wood, the finished thickness shall be at least 60 millimetres (2⅜ inches) in association with a span of not more than 1.5 metres (4.9 feet).

• (4)

  Where covers are made of mild steel the strength shall be calculated with assumed loads not less than 1.75 metric tons per square metre (358 pounds per square foot) on hatchways in position 1, and not less than 1.30 metric tons per square metre (266 pounds per square foot) on hatchways in position 2, and the product of the maximum stress thus calculated and the factor 4.25 shall not exceed the minimum ultimate strength of the material. They shall be so designed as to limit the deflection to not more than 0.0028 times the span under these loads.

• (5)

  The assumed loads on hatchways in position 1 may be reduced to 1 metric ton per square metre (205 pounds per square foot) for ships of 24 metres (79 feet) in length and shall be not less than 1.75 metric tons per square metre (358 pounds per square foot) for ships of 100 metres (328 feet) in length. The corresponding loads on hatchways in position 2 may be reduced to 0.75 metric tons per square metre (154 pounds per square foot) and 1.30 metric tons per square metre (266 pounds per square foot) respectively. In all cases values at intermediate lengths shall be obtained by linear interpolation.

Portable Beams

• (6)

  Where portable beams for supporting hatchway covers are made of mild steel the strength shall be calculated with assumed loads not less than 1.75 metric tons per square metre (358 pounds per square foot) on hatchways in position 1 and not less than 1.30 metric tons per square metre (266 pounds per square foot) on hatchways in position 2 and the product of the maximum stress thus calculated and the factor 5 shall not exceed the minimum ultimate strength of the material. They shall be so designed as to limit the deflection to not more than 0.0022 times the span under these loads. For ships of not more than 100 metres (328 feet) in length the requirements of paragraph (5) of this Regulation are applicable.

Pontoon Covers

• (7)

  Where pontoon covers used in place of portable beams and covers are made of mild steel the strength shall be calculated with the assumed loads given in paragraph (4) of this Regulation, and the product of the maximum stress thus calculated and the factor 5 shall not exceed the minimum ultimate strength of the material. They shall be so designed as to limit the deflection to not more than 0.0022 times the span. Mild steel plating forming the tops of covers shall be not less in thickness than one per cent of the spacing of stiffeners or 6 millimetres (0.24 inches) if that be greater. For ships of not more than 100 metres (328 feet) in length the requirements of paragraph (5) of this Regulation are applicable.

• (8)

  The strength and stiffness of covers made of materials other than mild steel shall be equivalent to those of mild steel to the satisfaction of the Administration.

Carriers or Sockets

• (9)

  Carriers or sockets for portable beams shall be of substantial construction, and shall provide means for the efficient fitting and securing of the beams. Where rolling types of beams are used, the arrangements shall ensure that the beams remain properly in position when the hatchway is closed.

Cleats

• (10)

  Cleats shall be set to fit the taper of the wedges. They shall be at least 65 millimetres (2½ inches) wide and spaced not more than 600 millimetres (23½ inches) centre to centre; the cleats along each side or end shall be not more than 150 millimetres (6 inches) from the hatch corners.

Battens and Wedges

• (11)

  Battens and wedges shall be efficient and in good condition. Wedges shall be of tough wood or other equivalent material. They shall have a taper of not more than 1 in 6 and shall be not less than 13 millimetres (½ inch) thick at the toes.

Tarpaulins

• (12)

  At least two layers of tarpaulin in good condition shall be provided for each hatchway in position 1 or 2. The tarpaulins shall be waterproof and of ample strength. They shall be of a material of at least an approved standard weight and quality.

Security of Hatchway Covers

• (13)

  For all hatchways in position 1 or 2 steel bars or other equivalent means shall be provided in order efficiently and independently to secure each section of hatchway covers after the tarpaulins are battened down. Hatchway covers of more than 1.5 metres (4.9 feet) in length shall be secured by at least two such securing appliances.

Hatchway Coamings

• (1)

  At positions 1 and 2 the height above the deck of hatchway coamings fitted with weathertight hatch covers of steel or other equivalent material fitted with gaskets and clamping devices shall be as specified in Regulation 15 (1). The height of these coamings may be reduced, or the coamings omitted entirely, on condition that the Administration is satisfied that the safety of the ship is not thereby impaired in any sea conditions. Where coamings are provided they shall be of substantial construction.

• (2)

  Where weathertight covers are of mild steel the strength shall be calculated with assumed loads not less than 1.75 metric tons per square metre (358 pounds per square foot) on hatchways in position 1, and not less than 1.30 metric tons per square metre (266 pounds per square foot) on hatchways in position 2, and the product or the maximum stress thus calculated and the factor of 4.25 shall not exceed the minimum ultimate strength of the material. They shall be so designed as to limit the deflection to not more than 0.0028 times the span under these loads. Mild steel plating forming the tops of covers shall be not less in thickness than one per cent of the spacing of stiffeners or 6 millimetres (0.24 inches) if that be greater. The provisions of Regulation 15(5) are applicable for ships of not more than 100 metres (328 feet) in length.

Weathertight Covers

• (3)

  The strength and stiffness of covers made of materials other than mild steel shall be equivalent to those of mild steel to the satisfaction of the Administration.

Means for Securing Weather tightness

• (4)

  The means for securing and maintaining weathertightness shall be to the satisfaction of the Administration. The arrangements shall ensure that the tightness can be maintained in any sea conditions, and for this purpose tests for tightness shall be required at the initial survey, and may be required at periodical surveys and at annual inspections or ait more frequent intervals.

• (1)

  Machinery space openings in position 1 or 2 shall be properly framed and efficiently enclosed by steel casings of ample strength, and where the casings are not protected by other structures their strength shall be specially considered. Access openings in such casings shall be fitted with doors complying with the requirements of Regulation 12 (1), the sills of which shall be at least 600 millimetres (23½ inches) above the deck if in position 1, and at least 380 millimetres (15 inches) above the deck if in position 2. Other openings in such casings shall be fitted with equivalent covers, permanently attached in their proper positions.

• (2)

  Coamings of any fiddley, funnel or machinery space ventilator in an exposed position on the freeboard or superstructure deck shall be as high above the deck as is reasonable and practicable. Fiddley openings shall be fitted with strong covers of steel or other equivalent material permanently attached in their proper positions and capable of being secured weathertight.

• (1)

  Manholes and flush scuttles in position 1 or 2 or within superstructures other than enclosed superstructures shall be closed by substantial covers capable of being made watertight. Unless secured by closely spaced bolts, the covers shall be permanently attached.

• (2)

  Openings in freeboard decks other than hatchways, machinery space openings, manholes and flush scuttles shall be protected by an enclosed superstructure, or by a deckhouse or companionway of equivalent strength and weather tightness. Any such opening in an exposed superstructure deck or in the top of a deckhouse on the freeboard deck which gives access to a space below the freeboard deck or a space within an enclosed superstructure shall be protected by an efficient deckhouse or companionway. Doorways in such deckhouses or companionways shall be fitted with doors complying with the requirements of Regulation 12 (1).

• (3)

  In position 1 the height above the deck of sills to the doorways in companionways shall be at least 600 millimetres (23½ inches). In position 2 it shall be at least 380 millimetres (15 inches).

• (1)

  Ventilators in position 1 or 2 to spaces below freeboard decks or decks of enclosed superstructures shall have coamings of steel or other equivalent material, substantially constructed and efficiently connected to the deck. Where the coaming of any ventilator exceeds 900 millimetres (35½ inches) in height it shall be specially supported.

• (2)

  Ventilators passing through superstructures other than enclosed superstructures shall have substantially constructed coamings of steel or other equivalent material at the freebord deck.

• (3)

  Ventilators in position 1 the coamings of which extend to more than 4.5 metres (14.8 feet) above the deck, and in position 2 the coamings of which extend to more than 2.3 metres (7.5 feet) above the deck, need not be fitted with closing arrangements unless specifically required by the Administration.

• (4)

  Except as provided in paragraph (3) of this Regulation, ventilator openings shall be provided with efficient weathertight closing appliances. In ships of not more than 100 metres (328 feet) in length the closing appliances shall be permanently attached; where not so provided in other ships, they shall be conveniently stowed near the ventilators to which they are to be fitted. Ventilators in position 1 shall have coamings of a height of at least 900 millimetres (35½ inches) above the deck; in position 2 the coamings shall be of a height at least 760 millimetres (30 inches) above the deck.

• (5)

  In exposed positions, the height of coamings may be required to be increased to the satisfaction of the Administration.

Where air pipes to ballast and other tanks extend above the freeboard or superstructure decks, the exposed parts of the pipes shall be of substantial construction; the height from the deck to the point where water may have access below shall be at least 760 millimetres (30 inches) on the freeboard deck and 450 millimetres (17½ inches) on the superstructure deck. Where these heights may interfere with the working of the ship, a lower height may be approved, provided the Administration is satisfied that the closing arrangements and other circumstances justify a lower height.

Satisfactory means permanently attached, shall be provided for closing the openings of the air pipes.

• (1)

  Cargo ports and other similar openings in the sides of ships below the freeboard deck shall be fitted with doors so designed as to ensure watertightness and structural integrity commensurate with the surrounding shell plating. The number of such openings shall be the minimum compatible with the design and proper working of the ship.

• (2)

  Unless permitted by the Administration, the lower edge of such openings shall not be below a line drawn parallel to the freeboard deck at side, which has at its lowest point the upper edge of the uppermost load line.

• (1)

  Discharges led through the shell either from spaces below the freeboard deck or from within superstructures and deckhouses on the freeboard deck fitted with doors complying with the requirements of Regulation 12 shall, except as provided in paragraph 2, be fitted with efficient and accessible means for preventing water from passing inboard. Normally each separate discharge shall have one automatic non-return valve with a positive means of closing it from a position above the freeboard deck. Where, however, the vertical distance from the summer load waterline to the inboard end of the discharge pipe exceeds 0.01 L, the discharge may have two automatic non-return valves without positive means of closing, provided that the inboard valve is always accessible for examination under service conditions; where that vertical distance exceeds 0.02 L a single automatic non-return valve without positive means of closing may be accepted subject to the approval of the Administration. The means for operating the positive action valve shall be readily accessible and provided with an indicator showing whether the valve is open or closed.

• (2)

  Scuppers led through the shell from enclosed superstructures used for the carriage of cargo shall be permitted only where the edge of the freeboard deck is not immersed when the ship heels 5° either way. In other cases the drainage shall be led inboard in accordance with the requirements of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea in force.

• (3)

  In manned machinery spaces main and auxiliary sea inlets and discharges in connexion with the operation of machinery may be controlled locally. The controls shall be readily accessible and shall be provided with indicators showing whether the valves are open or closed.

• (4)

  Scuppers and discharge pipes originating at any level and penetrating the shell either more than 450 millimetres (17½ inches) below the freeboard deck or less than 600 millimetres (23½ inches) above the summer load waterline shall be provided with a non-return valve at the shell. This valve, unless required by paragraph (2), may be omitted if the piping is of substantial thickness.

• (5)

  Scuppers leading from superstructures or deckhouses not fitted with doors complying with the requirements of Regulation 12 shall be led overboard.

• (6)

  All shell fittings, and the valves required by this Regulation shall be of steel, bronze or other approved ductile material. Valves of ordinary cast iron or similar material are not acceptable. All pipes to which this Regulation refers shall be of steel or other equivalent material to the satisfaction of the Administration.

• (1)

  Side scuttles to spaces below the freeboard deck or to spaces within enclosed superstructures shall be fitted with efficient hinged inside deadlights arranged so that they can be effectively closed and secured watertight.

• (2)

  No side scuttle shall be fitted in a position so that its sill is below a line drawn parallel to the freeboard deck at side and having its lowest point 2.5 per cent of the breadth (B) above the summer load line (or summer timber load line, if assigned), or 500 millimetres (19½ inches), whichever is the greater distance.

• (3)

  The side scuttles, together with their glasses, if fitted, and deadlights, shall be of substantial and approved construction.

• (1)

  Where bulwarks on the weather portions of freeboard or superstructure decks form wells, ample provision shall be made for rapidly freeing the decks of water and for draining them. Except as provided in paragraphs (2) and (3) of this Regulation, the minimum freeing port area (A) on each side of the ship for each well on the freeboard deck shall be that given by the following formulae in cases where the sheer in way of the well is standard or greater than standard. The minimum area for each well on superstructure decks shall be one-half of the area given by the formulae.

  • Where the length of bulwark (l ) in the well is 20 metres or less

    • A = 0.7 + 0.035 l square metres,

      where l exceeds 20 metres

    • A = 0.07 l square metres,

      l need in no case be taken as greater than 0.7 L.

  • If the bulwark is more than 1.2 metres in average height the required area shall be increased by 0.004 square metres per metre of length of well for each 0.1 metre difference in height. If the bulwark is less than 0.9 metre in average height, the required area may be decreased by 0.004 square metres per metre of length of well for each 0.1 metre difference in height.

    Or,

    where the length of bulwark (l ) in the well is 66 feet or less

    • A = 7.6 + 0.115 l square feet,

      where l exceeds 66 feet

    • A = 0.23 l square feet.

      l need in no case be taken as greater than 0.7 L.

  • If the bulwark is more than 3.9 feet in average height the required area shall be increased by 0.04 square feet per foot of length of well for each foot difference in height. If the bulwark is less than 3 feet in average height, the required area may be decreased by 0.04 square feet per foot of length for each foot difference in height.

• (2)

  In ships with no sheer the area calculated according to paragraph 1 shall be increased by 50 per cent. Where the sheer is less than the standard the percentage shall be obtained by linear interpolation.

• (3)

  Where a ship fitted with a trunk does not comply with the requirements of Regulation 36 (1) (e) or where continuous or substantially continuous hatchway side coamings are fitted between detached superstructures the minimum area of the freeing port openings shall be calculated from the following Table:

  Breadth of hatchway or trunk in relation to the breath of ship	Area of freeing ports in relation to the total area of the bulwarks
  40% or less	20%
  75% or more	10%

  The area of freeing ports at intermediate breadths shall be obtained by linear interpolation.

• (4)

  In ships having superstructures which are open at either or both ends, adequate provision for freeing the space within such superstructures shall be provided to the satisfaction of the Administration.

• (5)

  The lower edges of the freeing ports shall be as near the deck as practicable. Two-thirds of the freeing port area required shall be provided in the half of the well nearest the lowest point of the sheer curve.

• (6)

  All such openings in the bulwarks shall be protected by rails or bars spaced approximately 230 millimetres (9 inches) apart. If shutters are fitted to freeing ports, ample clearance shall be provided to prevent jamming. Hinges shall have pins or bearings of non-corrodible material. If shutters are fitted with securing appliances, these appliances shall be of approved construction.

• (1)

  The strength of the deckhouses used for the accommodation of the crew shall be to the satisfaction of the Administration.

• (2)

  Efficient guard rails or bulwarks shall be fitted on all exposed parts of the freeboard and superstructure decks. The height of the bulwarks or guard rails shall be at least 1 metre (39½ inches) from the deck, provided that where this height would interfere with the normal operation of the ship, a lesser height may be approved if the Administration is satisfied that adequate protection is provided.

• (3)

  The opening below the lowest course of the guard rails shall not exceed 230 millimetres (9 inches). The other courses shall be not more than 380 millimetres (15 inches) apart. In the case of ships with rounded gunwales the guard rail supports shall be placed on the flat of the deck.

• (4)

  Satisfactory means (in the form of guard rails, life lines, gangways or underdeck passages etc.) shall be provided for the protection of the crew in getting to and from their quarters, the machinery space and all other parts used in the necessary work of the ship.

• (5)

  Deck cargo carried on any ship shall be so stowed that any opening which is in way of the cargo and which gives access to and from the crew's quarters, the machinery space and all other parts used in the necessary work of the ship, can be properly closed and secured against the admission of water. Effective protection for the crew in the form of guard rails or life lines shall be provided above the deck cargo if there is no convenient passage on or below the deck of the ship.

Machinery Casings

• (1)

  Machinery casings on Type ‘A’ ships as defined in Regulation 27 shall be protected by an enclosed poop or bridge of at least standard height, or by a deckhouse of equal height and equivalent strength, provided that machinery casings may be exposed if there are no openings giving direct access from the freeboard deck to the machinery space. A door complying with the requirements of Regulation 12 may, however, be permitted in the machinery casing, provided that it leads to a space or passageway which is as strongly constructed as the casing and is separated from the stairway to the engine room by a second weathertight door of steel or other equivalent material.

Gangway and Access

• (2)

  An efficiently constructed fore and aft permanent gangway of sufficient strength shall be fitted on Type ‘A’ ships at the level of the superstructure deck between the poop and the midship bridge or deckhouse where fitted, or equivalent means of access shall be provided to carry out the purpose of the gangway, such as passages below deck. Elsewhere, and on Type ‘A’ ships without a midship bridge, arrangements to the satisfaction of the Administration shall be provided to safeguard the crew in reaching all parts used in the necessary work of the ship.

• (3)

  Safe and satisfactory access from the gangway level shall be available between separate crew accommodations and also between crew accommodations and the machinery space.

Hatchways

• (4)

  Exposed hatchways on the freeboard and forecastle decks or on the tops of expansion trunks on Type ‘A’ ships shall be provided with efficient watertight covers of steel or other equivalent material.

Freeing Arrangements

• (5)

  Type ‘A’ ships with bulwarks shall have open rails fitted for at least half the length of the exposed parts of the weather deck or other effective freeing arrangements. The upper edge of the sheer strake shall be kept as low as practicable.

• (6)

  Where superstructures are connected by trunks, open rails shall be fitted for the whole length of the exposed parts of the freeboard deck.

• 1.

  For the purpose of freeboard computation, ships shall be divided into type “A” and type “B”.

Type “A” ships

• 2.

  A type “A” ship is one which:

  • a)

    is designed to carry only liquid cargoes in bulk;

  • b)

    has a high integrity of the exposed deck with only small access openings to cargo compartments, closed by watertight gasketed covers of steel or equivalent material; and

  • c)

    has low permeability of loaded cargo compartments.

• 3.

  A type “A” ship if over 150 m in length to which a freeboard less than type “B” has been assigned, when loaded in accordance with the requirements of paragraph 11, shall be able to withstand the flooding of any compartment or compartments, with an assumed permeability of 0.95, consequent upon the damage assumptions specified in paragraph 12, and shall remain afloat in a satisfactory condition of equilibrium as specified in paragraph 13. In such a ship the machinery space shall be treated as a floodable compartment, but with a permeability of 0.85,

• 4.

  A type “A” ship shall be assigned a freeboard not less than that based on table A of regulation 28.

Type “B” Ships

• 5.

  All ships which do not come within the provisions regarding type “A” ships in paragraphs 2 and 3 shall be considered as type “B” ships.

• 6.

  Type “B” ships, which in position 1 have hatchways fitted with hatch covers which comply with the requirements of regulation 15, other than paragraph 7, shall be assigned freeboards based upon the values given in table B of regulation 28, increased by the values given in the following table:

  Length of ship (metres)	Freeboard increase (millimetres)	Length of ship (metres)	Freeboard increase (millimetres)	Length of ship (metres)	Freeboardincrease (millimetres)
  108 and below 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138	50 52 55 57 59 62 64 68 70 73 76 80 84 87 91 95 99 103 108 112 116 121 126 131 136 142 147 153 159 164 170	139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169	175 181 186 191 196 201 206 210 215 219 224 228 232 236 240 244 247 251 254 258 261 264 267 270 273 275 278 280 283 285 287	170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200	290 292 294 297 299 301 304 306 308 311 313 315 318 320 322 325 327 329 332 334 336 339 341 343 346 348 350 353 355 357 358

  Freeboards at intermediate lengths of ship shall be obtained by linear interpolation.

  Ships above 200 m in length shall be dealt with by the Administration.

• 7.

  Type “B” ships, which in position 1 have hatchways fitted with hatch covers complying with the requirements of regulation 15(7) or regulation 16, shall, except as provided in paragraphs 8 to 13 inclusive of this regulation, be assigned freeboards based on table B of regulation 28.

• 8.

  Any type “B” ship of over 100 m in length may be assigned freeboards less than those required under paragraph 7, provided that, in relation to the amount of reduction granted, the Administration is satisfied that:

  • a)

    the measures provided for the protection of the crew are adequate;

  • b)

    the freeing arrangements are adequate;

  • c)

    the covers in positions 1 and 2 comply with the provisions of regulation 16 and have adequate strength, special care being given to their sealing and securing arrangements; and

  • d)

    the ship, when loaded in accordance with the requirements of paragraph 11, shall be able to withstand the flooding of any compartment or compartments, with an assumed permeability of 0.95, consequent upon the damage assumptions specified in paragraph 12, and shall remain afloat in a satisfactory condition of equilibrium, as specified in paragraph 13. In such a ship, if over 150 m in length, the machinery space shall be treated as a floodable compartment, but with a permeability of 0.85.

• 9.

  In calculating the freeboards for type “B” ships which comply with the requirements of paragraphs 8,11,12 and 13, the values from table B of regulation 28 shall not be reduced by more than 60% of the difference between the B and A tabular values for the appropriate ship lengths.

• 10.
  • a)

    The reduction in tabular freeboard allowed under paragraph 9 may be increased up to the total difference between the values in table A and those in table B of regulation 28 on condition that the ship complies with the requirements of:

    • (i)

      regulation 26, other than paragraph 4, as if it were a type “A” ship;

    • (ii)

      paragraphs 8,11 and 13 of this regulation; and

    • (iii)

      paragraph 12 of this regulation, provided that throughout the length of the ship any one transverse bulkhead will be assumed to be damaged, such that two adjacent fore and aft compartments shall be flooded simultaneously, except that such damage will not apply to the boundary bulkheads of a machinery space.

  • b)

    In such a ship, if over 150 m in length, the machinery space shall e treated as a floodable compartment, but with a permeability of 0.85.

Initial condition of loading

• 11.

  The initial condition of loading before flooding shall be determined as follows:

  • a)

    The ship is loaded to its summer load waterline on an imaginary even keel.

  • b)

    When calculating the vertical centre of gravity, the following principles apply:

    • (i)

      Homogeneous cargo is carried.

    • (ii)

      All cargo compartments, except those referred to under (iii), but including compartments intended to be partially filled, shall be considered fully loaded except that in the case of fluid cargoes each compartment shall be treated as 98% full.

    • (iii)

      If the ship is intended to operate at its summer load waterline with empty compartments, such compartments shall be considered empty provided the height of the centre of gravity so calculated is not less than as calculated under (ii).

    • (iv)

      50% of the individual total capacity of all tanks and spaces fitted to contain consumable liquids and stores is allowed for. It shall be assumed that for each type of liquid, at least one transverse pair or a single centreline tank has maximum free surface, and the tank or combination of tanks to be taken into account shall be those where the effect of free surfaces is the greatest; in each tank the centre of gravity of the contents shall be taken at the centre of volume of the tank. The remaining tanks shall be assumed either completely empty or completely filled, and the distribution of consumable liquids between these tanks shall be effected so as to obtain the greatest possible height above the keel for the centre of gravity.

    • (v)

      At an angle of heel of not more than 5° in each compartment containing liquids, as prescribed in (ii) except that in the case of compartments containing consumable fluids, as prescribed in (iv), the maximum free surface effect shall be taken into account.

      Alternatively, the actual free surface effects may be used, provided the methods of calculation are acceptable to the Administration.

    • (vi)

      Weights shall be calculated on the basis of the following values for specific gravities:

      salt water	1.025
      fresh water	1.000
      oil fuel	0.950
      diesel oil	0.900
      lubricating oil	0.900

Damage assumptions

• 12.

  The following principles regarding the character of the assumed damage apply:

  • a)

    The vertical extent of damage in all cases is assumed to be from the base line upwards without limit.

  • b)

    The transverse extent of damage is equal to B/5 or 11.5 m, whichever is the lesser, measured inboard from the side of the ship perpendicularly to the centreline at the level of the summer load waterline.

  • c)

    If damage of a lesser extent than specified in subparagraphs a) and b) results in a more severe condition, such lesser extent shall be assumed.

  • d)

    Except where otherwise required by paragraph 10a), the flooding shall be confined to a single compartment between adjacent transverse bulkheads provided the inner longitudinal boundary of the compartment is not in a position within the transverse extent of assumed damage. Transverse boundary bulkheads of wing tanks which do not extend over the full breadth of the ship shall be assumed not to be damaged, provided they extend beyond the transverse extent of assumed damage prescribed in subparagraph b).

    If in a transverse bulkhead there are steps or recesses of not more than 3 m in length located within the transverse extent of assumed damage as defined in subparagraph b), such transverse bulkhead may be considered intact and the adjacent compartment may be floodable singly. If, however, within the transverse extent of assumed damage there is a step or recess of more than 3 m in length in a transverse bulkhead, the two compartments adjacent to this bulkhead shall be considered as flooded. The step formed by the afterpeak bulkhead and the afterpeak tank top shall not be regarded as a step for the purpose of this regulation.

  • e)

    re a main transverse bulkhead is located within the transverextent of assumed damage and is stepped in way of a double bottom or side tank by more than 3 m, the double bottom or side tanks nt to the stepped portion of the main transverse bulkhead shall considered as flooded simultaneously. If this side tank has openings, into one or several holds, such as grain feeding holes, such hold or holds shall be considered as flooded simultaneously. Similarly in a ship designed for the carriage of fluid cargoes, if a side tank has openings into adjacent compartments, such adjacent compartments shall be considered as empty and as being flooded simultaneously. This provision is applicable even where such openings are fitted with closing appliances, except in the case of sluice valves fitted in bulkheads between tanks and where the valves are controlled from the deck. Manhole covers with closely-spaced bolts are considered equivalent to the unpierced bulkhead except in the case of openings in topside tanks making the topside tanks common to the holds.

  • f)

    Where the flooding of any two adjacent fore and aft compartments is envisaged, main transverse watertight bulkheads shall be spaced at least 1/3 L⅔ or 14.5 m, whichever is the lesser, in order to be considered effective. Where transverse bulkheads are spaced at a lesser distance, one or more of these bulkheads shall be assumed as non-existent in order to achieve the minimum spacing between bulkheads.

Condition of equilibrium

• 13.

  The condition of equilibrium after flooding shall be regarded as satisfactory provided:

  • a)

    The final waterline after flooding, taking into account sinkage, nd trim, is below the lower edge of any opening through which progressive downflooding may take place. Such openings shall include air pipes, ventilators and openings which are closed by means thertight doors (even if they comply with regulation 12) or hatch covers (even if they comply with regulation 16 or regulation 19(4)), nd may exclude those openings closed by means of manhole covers nd flush scuttles (which comply with regulation 18), cargo hatch covers of the type described in regulation 27(2), remotely operated sliding watertight doors, and sidescuttles of the non-opening type (which comply with regulation 23). However, in the case of doors rating a main machinery space from a steering gear compartment, tertight doors may be of a hinged, quick-acting type kept closed at sea, whilst not in use, provided also that the lower sill of such doors is above the summer load waterline.

  • b)

    If pipes, ducts or tunnels are situated within the assumed extent of damage penetration as defined in paragraph 12b), arrangements shall be made so that progressive flooding cannot thereby extend to compartments other than those assumed to be floodable in the calculation for each case of damage.

  • c)

    The angle of heel due to unsymmetrical flooding does not exceed 15°. If no part of the deck is immersed, an angle of heel of up to 17° may be accepted.

  • d)

    The metacentric height in the flooded condition is positive.

  • e)

    When any part of the deck outside the compartment assumed flooded in a particular case of damage is immersed, or in any case where the margin of stability in the flooded condition may be considered doubtful, the residual stability is to be investigated. It may be regarded as sufficient if the righting lever curve has a minimum range of 20° beyond the position of equilibrium with a maximum righting lever of at least 0.1 m within this range. The area under the righting lever curve within this range shall be not less than 0.0175 m.rad. The Administration shall give consideration to the potential hazard presented by protected or unprotected openings which may become temporarily immersed within the range of residual stability.

  • f)

    The Administration is satisfied that the stability is sufficient during intermediate stages of flooding.

Ships without means of propulsion

• 14.

  A lighter, barge or other ship without independent means of propulsion shall be assigned a freeboard in accordance with the provisions of these regulations. Barges which meet the requirements of paragraphs 2 and 3 may be assigned type “A” freeboards:

  • a)

    The Administration should especially consider the stability of barges with cargo on the weather deck. Deck cargo can only be carried on barges to which the ordinary type “B” freeboard is assigned.

  • b)

    However, in the case of barges which are unmanned, the requirements of regulations 25, 26(2), 26(3) and 39 shall not apply.

  • c)

    Such unmanned barges which have on the freeboard deck only small access openings closed by watertight gasketed covers of steel or equivalent material may be assigned a freeboard 25% less than those calculated in accordance with these regulations.

Type ‘A’ ships

• (1)

  The tabular freeboard for Type ‘A’ ships shall be determined from the following table:

  Table A

  Freeboard Table for Type ‘A’ Ships

  Length of ship (metres)	Freeboard (millimetres)	Length of ship (metres)	Freeboard (millimetres)	Length of ship (metres)	Freeboard (millimetres)
  24	200	68	680	112	1326
  25	208	69	693	113	1342
  26	217	70	706	114	1359
  27	225	71	720	115	1376
  28	233	72	733	116	1392
  29	242	73	746	117	1409
  30	250	74	760	118	1426
  31	258	75	773	119	1442
  32	267	76	786	120	1459
  33	275	77	800	121	1476
  34	283	78	814	122	1494
  35	292	79	828	123	1511
  36	300	80	841	124	1528
  37	308	81	855	125	1546
  38	316	82	869	126	1563
  39	325	83	883	127	1580
  40	334	84	897	128	1598
  41	344	85	911	129	1615
  42	354	86	926	130	1632
  43	364	87	940	131	1650
  44	374	88	955	132	1667
  45	385	89	969	133	1684
  46	396	90	984	134	1702
  47	408	91	999	135	1719
  48	420	92	1014	136	1736
  49	432	93	1029	137	1753
  50	443	94	1044	138	1770
  51	455	95	1059	139	1787
  52	467	96	1074	140	1803
  53	478	97	1089	141	1820
  54	490	98	1105	142	1837
  55	503	99	1120	143	1853
  56	516	100	1135	144	1870
  57	530	101	1151	145	1886
  58	544	102	1166	146	1903
  59	559	103	1181	147	1919
  60	573	104	1196	148	1935
  61	587	105	1212	149	1952
  62	600	106	1228	150	1968
  63	613	107	1244	151	1984
  64	626	108	1260	152	2000
  65	639	109	1276	153	2016
  66	653	110	1293	154	2032
  67	666	111	1309	155	2048
  156	2064	202	2632	248	3000
  157	2080	203	2641	249	3006
  158	2096	204	2650	250	3012
  159	2111	205	2659	251	3018
  160	2126	206	2669	252	3024
  161	2141	207	2678	253	3030
  162	2155	208	2687	254	3036
  163	2169	209	2696	255	3042
  164	2184	210	2705	256	3048
  165	2198	211	2714	257	3054
  166	2212	212	2723	258	3060
  167	2226	213	2732	259	3066
  168	2240	214	2741	260	3072
  169	2254	215	2749	261	3078
  170	2268	216	2758	262	3084
  171	2281	217	2767	263	3089
  172	2294	218	2775	264	3095
  173	2307	219	2784	265	3101
  174	2320	220	2792	266	3106
  175	2332	221	2801	267	3112
  176	2345	222	2809	268	3117
  177	2357	223	2817	269	3123
  178	2369	224	2825	270	3128
  179	2381	225	2833	271	3133
  180	2393	226	2841	272	3138
  181	2405	227	2849	273	3143
  182	2416	228	2857	274	3148
  183	2428	229	2865	275	3153
  184	2440	230	2872	276	3158
  185	2451	231	2880	277	3163
  186	2463	232	2888	278	3167
  187	2474	233	2895	279	3172
  188	2486	234	2903	280	3176
  189	2497	235	2910	281	3181
  190	2508	236	2918	282	3185
  191	2519	237	2925	283	3189
  192	2530	238	2932	284	3194
  193	2541	239	2939	285	3198
  194	2552	240	2946	286	3202
  195	2562	241	2953	287	3207
  196	2572	242	2959	288	3211
  197	2582	243	2966	289	3215
  198	2592	244	2973	290	3220
  199	2602	245	2979	291	3224
  200	2612	246	2986	292	3228
  201	2622	247	2993	293	3233
  294	3237	318	3325	342	3387
  295	3241	319	3328	343	3389
  296	3246	320	3331	344	3392
  297	3250	321	3334	345	3394
  298	3254	322	3337	346	3396
  299	3258	323	3339	347	3399
  300	3262	324	3342	348	3401
  301	3266	325	3345	349	3403
  302	3270	326	3347	350	3406
  303	3274	327	3350	351	3408
  304	3278	328	3353	352	3410
  305	3281	329	3355	353	3412
  306	3285	330	3358	354	3414
  307	3288	331	3361	355	3416
  308	3292	332	3363	356	3418
  309	3295	333	3366	357	3420
  310	3298	334	3368	358	3422
  311	3302	335	3371	359	3423
  312	3305	336	3373	360	3425
  313	3308	337	3375	361	3427
  314	3312	338	3378	362	3428
  315	3315	339	3380	363	3430
  316	3318	340	3382	364	3432
  317	3322	341	3385	365	3433

  Freeboards at intermediate lengths of ship shall be obtained by linear interpolation.

  Ships above 365 metres in length shall be dealt with by the Administration.

  Table A

  Freeboard Table for Type ‘A’ Ships

  Length of ship (feet)	Freeboard (inches)	Length of ship (feet)	Freeboard (inches)	Length of ship (feet)	Freeboard (inches)
  80	8.0	460	71.1	840	120.1
  90	8.9	470	73.1	850	120.7
  100	9.8	480	75.1	860	121.4
  110	10.8	490	77.1	870	122.1
  120	11.9	500	79.0	880	122.7
  130	13.0	510	80.9	890	123.4
  140	14.2	520	82.7	900	124.0
  150	15.5	530	84.5	910	124.6
  160	16.9	540	86.3	920	125.2
  170	18.3	550	88.0	930	125.7
  180	19.8	560	89.6	940	126.2
  190	21.3	570	91.1	950	126.7
  200	22.9	580	92.6	960	127.2
  210.	24.5	590	94.1	970	127.7
  220	26.2	600	95.5	980	128.1
  230	27.8	610	96.9	990	128.6
  240	29.5	620	98.3	1000	129.0
  250	31.1	630	99.6	1010	129.4
  260	32.8	640	100.9	1020	129.9
  270	34.6	650	102.1	1030	130.3
  280	36.3	660	103.3	1040	130.7
  290	38.0	670	104.4	1050	131.0
  300	39.7	680	105.5	1060	131.4
  310	41.4	690	106.6	1070	131.7
  320	43.2	700	107.7	1080	132.0
  330	45.0	710	108.7	1090	132.3
  340	46.9	720	109.7	1100	132.6
  350	48.8	730	110.7	1110	132.9
  360	50.7	740	111.7	1120	133.2
  370	52.7	750	112.6	1130	133.5
  380	54.7	760	113.5	1140	133.8
  390	56.8	770	114.4	1150	134.0
  400	58.8	780	115.3	1160	134.3
  410	60.9	790	116.1	1170	134.5
  420	62.9	800	117.0	1180	134.7
  430	65.0	810	117.8	1190	135.0
  440	67.0	820	118.6	1200	135.2
  450	69.1	830	119.3

  Freeboards at intermediate lengths of ship shall be obtained by linear interpolation.

  Ships above 1200 feet in length shall be dealt with by the Administration.

Type ‘B’ ships

• (2)

  The tabular freeboard for Type ‘B’ ships shall be determined from the following table:

  Table B

  Freeboard Table for Type ‘B’ Ships

  Length of ship (metres)	Freeboard (millimetres)	Length of ship (metres)	Freeboard (millimetres)	Length of ship (metres)	Freeboard (millimetres)
  24	200	64	629	104	1359
  25	208	65	644	105	1380
  26	217	66	659	106	1401
  27	225	61	674	107	1421
  28	233	68	689	108	1440
  29	242	69	705	109	1459
  30	250	70	721	110	1479
  31	258	71	738	111	1500
  32	267	72	754	112	1521
  33	275	73	769	113	1543
  34	283	74	784	114	1565
  35	292	75	800	115	1587
  36	300	76	816	116	1609
  37	308	77	833	117	1630
  38	316	78	850	118	1651
  39	325	79	868	119	1671
  40	334	80	887	120	1690
  41	344	81	905	121	1709
  42	354	82	923	122	1729
  43	364	83	942	123	1750
  44	374	84	960	124	1771
  45	385	85	978	125	1793
  46	396	86	996	126	1815
  47	408	87	1015	127	1837
  48	420	88	1034	128	1859
  49	432	89	1054	129	1880
  50	443	90	1075	130	1901
  51	455	91	1096	131	1921
  52	467	92	1116	132	1940
  53	478	93	1135	133	1959
  54	490	94	1154	134	1979
  55	503	95	1172	135	2000
  56	516	96	1190	136	2021
  51	530	97	1209	137	2043
  58	544	98	1229	138	2065
  59	559	99	1250	139	2087
  60	573	100	1271	140	2109
  61	587	101	1293	141	2130
  62	601	102	1315	142	2151
  63	615	103	1337	143	2171
  144	2190	190	3098	236	3821
  145	2209	191	3116	237	3835
  146	2229	192	3134	238	3849
  147	2250	193	3151	239	3864
  148	2271	194	3167	240	3880
  149	2293	195	3185	241	3893
  150	2315	196	3202	242	3906
  151	2334	197	3219	243	3920
  152	2354	198	3235	244	3934
  153	2375	199	3249	245	3949
  154	2396	200	3264	246	3965
  155	2418	201	3280	247	3978
  156	2440	202	3296	248	3992
  157	2460	203	3313	249	4005
  158	2480	204	3330	250	4018
  159	2500	205	3347	251	4032
  160	2520	206	3363	252	4045
  161	2540	207	3380	253	4058
  162	2560	208	3397	254	4072
  163	2580	209	3413	255	4085
  164	2600	210	3430	256	4098
  165	2620	211	3445	257	4112
  166	2640	212	3460	258	4125
  167	2660	213	3475	259	4139
  168	2680	214	3490	260	4152
  169	2698	215	3505	261	4165
  170	2716	216	3520	262	4177
  171	2735	217	3537	263	4189
  172	2754	218	3554	264	4201
  173	2774	219	3570	265	4214
  174	2795	220	3586	266	4227
  175	2815	221	3601	267	4240
  176	2835	222	3615	268	4252
  177	2855	223	3630	269	4264
  178	2875	224	3645	270	4276
  179	2895	225	3660	271	4289
  180	2915	226	3675	272	4302
  181	2933	227	3690	273	4315
  182	2952	228	3705	274	4327
  183	2970	229	3720	275	4339
  184	2988	230	3735	276	4350
  185	3007	231	3750	277	4362
  186	3025	232	3765	278	4373
  187	3044	233	3780	279	4385
  188	3062	234	3795	280	4397
  189	3080	235	3808	281	4408
  282	4420	310	4736	338	5035
  283	4432	311	4748	339	5045
  284	4443	312	4757	340	5055
  285	4455	313	4768	341	5065
  286	4467	314	4779	342	5075
  287	4478	315	4790	343	5086
  288	4490	316	4801	344	5097
  289	4502	317	4812	345	5108
  290	4513	318	4823	346	5119
  291	4525	319	4834	347	5130
  292	4537	320	4844	348	5140
  293	4548	321	4855	349	5150
  294	4560	322	4866	350	5160
  295	4572	323	4878	351	5170
  296	4583	324	4890	352	5180
  297	4595	325	4899	353	5190
  298	4607	326	4909	354	5200
  299	4618	327	4920	355	5210
  300	4630	328	4931	356	5220
  301	4642	329	4943	357	5230
  302	4654	330	4955	358	5240
  303	4665	331	4965	359	5250
  304	4676	332	4975	360	5260
  305	4686	333	4985	361	5268
  306	4695	334	4995	362	5276
  307	4704	335	5005	363	5285
  308	4714	336	5015	364	5294
  309	4725	337	5025	365	5303

  Freeboards at intermediate lengths of ship shall be obtained by linear interpolation.

  Ships above 365 metres in length shall be dealt with by the Administration.

  Table B

  Freeboard Table for Type ‘B’ Ships

  Length of ship (feet)	Freeboard (inches)	Length of ship (feet)	Freeboard (inches)	Length of ship (feet)	Freeboard (inches)
  80	8.0	460	83.1	840	161.2
  90	8.9	470	85.6	850	162.8
  100	9.8	480	88.1	860	164.3
  110	10.8	490	90.6	870	165.9
  120	11.9	500	93.1	880	167.4
  130	13.0	510	95.6	890	168.9
  140	14.2	520	98.1	900	170.4
  150	15.5	530	100.6	910	171.8
  160	16.9	540	103.0	920	173.3
  170	18.3	550	105.4	930	174.7
  180	19.8	560	107.7	940	176.1
  190	21.3	570	110.0	950	177.5
  200	22.9	580	112.3	960	178.9
  210	24.7	590	114.6	970	180.3
  220	26.6	600	116.8	980	181.7
  230	28.5	610	119.0	990	183.1
  240	30.4	620	121.1	1000	184.4
  250	32.4	630	123.2	1010	185.8
  260	34.4	640	125.3	1020	187.2
  270	36.5	650	127.3	1030	188.5
  280	38.7	660	129.3	1040	189.8
  290	41.0	670	131.3	1050	191.0
  300	43.3	680	133.3	1060	192.3
  310	45.7	690	135.3	1070	193.5
  320	48.2	700	137.1	1080	194.8
  330	50.7	710	139.0	1090	196.1
  340	53.2	720	140.9	1100	197.3
  350	55.7	730	142.7	1110	198.6
  360	58.2	740	144.5	1120	199.9
  370	60.7	750	146.3	1130	201.2
  380	63.2	760	148.1	1140	202.3
  390	65.7	770	149.8	1150	203.5
  400	68.2	780	151.5	1160	204.6
  410	70.7	790	153.2	1170	205.8
  420	73.2	800	154.8	1180	206.9
  430	75.7	810	156.4	1190	208.1
  440	78.2	820	158.0	1200	209.3
  450	80.7	830	159.6

  Freeboards at intermediate lengths of ship shall be obtained by linear interpolation.

  Ships above 1200 feet in length shall be dealt with by the Administration.

The tabular freeboard for a Type ‘B’ ship of between 24 metres (79 feet) and 100 metres (328 feet) in length having enclosed superstructures with an effective length of up to 35 per cent of the length of the ship shall be increased by:

• (1)
• (2)

  Where D is less than L/15 no reduction shall be made except in a ship with an enclosed superstructure covering at least 0.6 L amidships, with a complete trunk, or combination of detached enclosed superstructures and trunks which extend all fore and aft, where the freeboard shall be reduced at the rate prescribed in paragraph (1) of this Regulation.

• (3)

  Where the height of superstructure or trunk is less than the standard height, the reduction shall be in the ratio of the actual to the standard height as defined in Regulation 33.

Where the actual depth to the upper edge of the deck line is greater or less than D, the difference between the depths shall be added to or deducted from the freeboard.

The standard height of a superstructure shall be as given in the following table:

The standard heights at intermediate lengths of the ship shall be obtained by linear interpolation.

• (1)

  Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this Regulation, the length of a superstructure (S) shall be the mean length of the parts of the superstructure which lie within the length (L).

• (2)

  Where the end bulkhead of an enclosed superstructure extends in a fair convex curve beyond its intersection with the superstructure sides, the length of the superstructure may be increased on the basis of an equivalent plane bulkhead. This increase shall be two-thirds of the fore and aft extent of the curvature. The maximum curvature which may be taken into account in determining this increase is one-half the breadth of the superstructure at the point of intersection of the curved end of the superstructure with its side.

• (1)

  Except as provided for in paragraph (2) of this Regulation, the effective length (E) of an enclosed superstructure of standard height shall be its length.

• (2)

  In all cases where an enclosed superstructure of standard height is set in from the sides of the ship as permitted in Regulation 3 (10), the effective length shall be the length modified by the ratio of b/Bs, where

  • ‘b’ is the breadth of the superstructure at the middle of its length; and

  • ‘Bs’ is the breadth of the ship at the middle of the length of the superstructure.

  Where a superstructure is set in for a part of its length, this modification shall be applied only to the set in part.

• (3)

  Where the height of an enclosed superstructure is less than the standard height, the effective length shall be its length reduced in the ratio of the actual height to the standard height. Where the height exceeds the standard, no increase shall be made to the effective length of the superstructure.

• (4)

  The effective length of a raised quarter deck, if fitted with an intact front bulkhead, shall be its length up to a maximum of 0.6 L. Where the bulkhead is not intact, the raised quarter deck shall be treated as a poop of less than standard height.

• (5)

  Superstructures which are not enclosed shall have no effective length.

• (1)

  A trunk or similar structure which does not extend to the sides of the ship shall be regarded as efficient on the following conditions:

  • (a)

    the trunk is at least as strong as a superstructure;

  • (b)

    the hatchways are in the trunk deck, and the hatchway coamings and covers comply with the requirements of Regulations 13 to 16 inclusive and the width of the trunk deck stringer provides a satisfactory gangway and sufficient lateral stiffness. However, small access openings with watertight covers may be permitted in the oard deck;

  • (c)

    a permanent working platform fore and aft fitted with guard rails is provided by the trunk deck, or by detached trunks connected to superstructures by efficient permanent gangways;

  • (d)

    ventilators are protected by the trunk, by watertight covers or by other equivalent means;

  • (e)

    open rails are fitted on the weather parts of the freeboard deck in way of the trunk for at least half their length;

  • (f)

    the machinery casings are protected by the trunk, by a superstructure of at least standard height, or by a deckhouse of the same height and of equivalent strength;

  • (g)

    the breadth of the trunk is at least 60 per cent of the breadth of the ship; and

  • (h)

    where there is no superstructure, the length of the trunk is at least 0.6 L.

• (2)

  The full length of an efficient trunk reduced in the ratio of its mean breadth to B shall be its effective length.

• (3)

  The standard height of a trunk is the standard height of a superstructure other than a raised quarter deck.

• (4)

  Where the height of a trunk is less than the standard height, its effective length shall be reduced in the ratio of the actual to the standard height. Where the height of hatchway coamings on the trunk deck is less than that required under Regulation 15 (1), a reduction from the actual height of trunk shall be made which corresponds to the difference between the actual and the required height of coaming.

• (1)

  Where the effective length of superstructures and trunks is 1.0 L, the deduction from the freeboard shall be 350 millimetres at 24 metres length of ship, 860 millimetres at 85 metres length, and 1070 millimetres at 122 metres length and above (14 inches at 79 feet length of ship, 34 inches at 279 feet length, and 42 inches at 400 feet length and above); deductions at intermediate lengths shall be obtained by linear interpolation.

• (2)

  Where the total effective length of superstructures and trunks is less than 1.0 L the deduction shall be a percentage obtained from one of the following tables:

  	Total Effective Length of Superstructures and Trunks
  	0	0.1 L	0.2 L	0.3 L	0.4 L	0.5 L	0.6 L	0.7 L	0.8 L	0.9 L	1.0 L
  Percentage of deduction for all types of superstructures	0	7	14	21	31	41	52	63	75.3	87.7	100

  Percentages at intermediate lengths of superstructures and trunks shall be obtained by linear interpolation.

  Line	Total Effective Length of Superstructures and Trunks
  	0	0.1 L	0.2 L	0.3 L	0.4 L	0.5 L	0.6 L	0.7 L	0.8 L	0.9 L	L
  Ships with forecastle and without detached bridge	I	0	5	10	15	23.5	32	46	63	75.3	87.7	100
  Ships with forecastle and detached bridge	II	0	6.3	12.7	19	27.5	36	46	63	75.3	87.7	100

  Percentages at intermediate lengths of superstructures and trunks shall be obtained by linear interpolation.

• (3)

  For ships of Type ‘B’:

  • (a)

    Where the effective length of a bridge is less than 0.2 L, the percentages shall be obtained by linear interpolation between lines I and II.

  • (b)

    Where the effective length of a forecastle is more than 0.4 L, the percentages shall be obtained from line II.

  • (c)

    Where the effective length of a forecastle is less than 0.07 L, the above percentages shall be reduced by:

    where f is the effective length of the forecastle.

General

• (1)

  The sheer shall be measured from the deck at side to a line of reference drawn parallel to the keel through the sheer line amidships.

• (2)

  In ships designed with a rake of keel, the sheer shall be measured in relation to a reference line drawn parallel to the design load waterline.

• (3)

  In flush deck ships and in ships with detached superstructures the sheer shall be measured at the freeboard deck.

• (4)

  In ships with topsides of unusual form in which there is a step or break in the topsides, the sheer shall be considered in relation to the equivalent depth amidships.

• (5)

  In ships with a superstructure of standard height which extends over the whole length of the freeboard deck, the sheer shall be measured at the superstructure deck. Where the height exceeds the standard the least difference (Z) between the actual and standard heights shall be added to each end ordinate.

  Similarly, the intermediate ordinates at distances of ¹/₆ L and ¹/₃ L from each perpendicular shall be increased by 0.444 Z and 0.111 Z respectively.

• (6)

  Where the deck of an enclosed superstructure has at least the same sheer as the exposed freeboard deck, the sheer of the enclosed portion of the freeboard deck shall not be taken into account.

• (7)

  Where an enclosed poop or forecastle is of standard height with greater sheer than that of the freeboard deck, or is of more than standard height, an addition to the sheer of the freeboard deck shall be made as provided in paragraph (12) of this Regulation.

Standard Sheer Profile

• (8)

  The ordinates of the standard sheer profile are given in the following table:

(Where L is in feet)

Measurement of Variation from Standard Sheer Profile

• (9)

  Where the sheer profile differs from the standard, the four ordinates of each profile in the forward or after half shall be multiplied by the appropriate factors given in the Table of ordinates. The difference between the sums of the respective products and those of the standard divided by 8 measures the deficiency or excess of sheer in the forward or after half. The arithmetical mean of the excess or deficiency in the forward and after halves measures the excess or deficiency of sheer.

• (10)

  Where the after half of the sheer profile is greater than the standard and the forward half is less than the standard, no credit shall be allowed for the part in excess and deficiency only shall be measured.

• (11)

  Where the forward half of the sheer profile exceeds the standard, and the after portion of the sheer profile is not less than 75 per cent of the standard, credit shall be allowed for the part in excess; where the after part is less than 50 percent of the standard no credit shall be given for the excess sheer forward. Where the after sheer is between 50 per cent and 75 per cent of the standard, intermediate allowances may be granted for excess sheer forward.

• (12)

  Where sheer credit is given for a poop or forecastle the following formula shall be used:

  where

  • s = sheer credit, to be deducted from the deficiency or added to the excess of sheer,

  • y = difference between actual and standard height of superstructure at the after and forward perpendicular,

  • L' = mean enclosed length of poop or forecastle up to a maximum length of 0.5 L,

  • L = length of ship as defined in Regulation 3 (1) of this Annex.

  The above formula provides a curve in the form of a parabola tangent to the actual sheer curve at the freeboard deck and intersecting the end ordinate at a point below the superstructure deck a distance equal to the standard height of a superstructure. The superstructure deck shall not be less than standard height above this curve at any point. This curve shall be used in determining the sheer profile for forward and after halves of the ship.

Correction for Variations from Standard Sheer Profile

• (13)

  The correction for sheer shall be the deficiency or excess of sheer (see paragraphs (9) to (11) inclusive of this Regulation), multiplied by

  where S is the total length of enclosed superstructures.

Addition for Deficiency in Sheer

• (14)

  Where the sheer is less than the standard, the correction for deficiency in sheer (see paragraph (13) of this Regulation) shall be added to the freeboard.

Deduction for Excess Sheer

• (15)

  In ships where an enclosed superstructure covers 0.1 L before and 0.1 L abaft amidships, the correction for excess of sheer as calculated under the provisions of paragraph (13) of this Regulation shall be deducted from the freeboard; in ships where no enclosed superstructure covers amidships, no deduction shall be made from the freeboard; where an enclosed superstructure covers less than 0.1 L before and 0.1 L abaft amidships, the deduction shall be obtained by linear interpolation. The maximum deduction for excess sheer shall be at the rate of 125 millimetres per 100 metres of length (1½ inches per 100 feet of length).

• (1)

  The bow height defined as the vertical distance at the forward perpendicular between the waterline corresponding to the assigned summer freeboard and the designed trim and the top of the exposed deck at side shall be not less than:
• (2)

  Where the bow height required in paragraph (1) of this Regulation is obtained by sheer, the sheer shall extend for at least 15 per cent of the length of the ship measured from the forward perpendicular. Where it is obtained by fitting a superstructure, such superstructure shall extend from the stem to a point at least 0.07 L abaft the forward perpendicular, and it shall comply with the following requirements:

  • (a)

    for ships not over 100 metres (328 feet) in length it shall be enclosed as defined in Regulation 3 (10), and

  • (b)

    for ships over 100 metres (328 feet) in length it need not comply with Regulation 3 (10) but shall be fitted with closing appliances to the satisfaction of the Administration.

• (3)

  Ships which, to suit exceptional operational requirements, cannot meet the requirements of paragraphs (1) and (2) of this Regulation may be given special consideration by the Administration.

Summer Freeboard

• (1)

  The minimum freeboard in summer shall be the freeboard derived from the Tables in Regulation 28 as modified by the corrections in Regulations 27, as applicable, 29, 30, 31, 32, 37, 38 and, if applicable, 39.

• (2)

  The freeboard in salt water, as calculated in accordance with paragraph (1) of this Regulation, but without the correction for deck line, as provided by Regulation 32, shall not be less than 50 millimetres (2 inches). For ships having in position 1 hatchways with covers which do not comply with the requirements of Regulations 15 (7), 16 or 26, the freeboard shall be not less than 150 millimetres (6 inches).

Tropical Freeboard

• (3)

  The minimum freeboard in the Tropical Zone shall be the freeboard obtained by a deduction from the summer freeboard of one forty-eigth of the summer draught measured from the top of the keel to the centre of the ring of the load line mark.

• (4)

  The freeboard in salt water, as calculated in accordance with paragraph (3) of this Regulation, but without the correction for deck line, as provided by Regulation 32, shall not be less than 50 millimetres (2 inches). For ships having in position 1 hatchways with covers which do not comply with the requirements of Regulations 15 (7), 16 or 26, the freeboard shall be not less than 150 millimetres (6 inches).

Winter Freeboard

• (5)

  The minimum freeboard in winter shall be the freeboard obtained by an addition to the summer freeboard of one forty-eighth of summer draught, measured from the top of the keel to the centre of the ring of the load line mark.

Winter North Atlantic Freeboard

• (6)

  The minimum freeboard for ships of not more than 100 metres (328 feet) in length, which enter any part of the North Atlantic defined, in Regulation 52 (Annex II) during the winter seasonal period, shall be the winter freeboard plus 50 millimetres (2 inches). For other ships, the Winter North Atlantic Freeboard shall be the winter freeboard.

Fresh Water Freeboard

• (7)

  The minimum freeboard in fresh water of unit density shall be obtained by deducting from the minimum freeboard in salt water:

  • T = tons per centimetre (inch) immersion in salt water at the summer load waterline.

• (8)

  Where the displacement at the summer load waterline cannot be certified, the deduction shall be one forty-eighth of summer draught, measured from the top of the keel to the centre of the ring of the load line mark.

Regulations 42 to 45 inclusive apply only to ships to which timber load lines are assigned.

• (1)

  Timber Deck Cargo. The term “timber deck cargo” means a cargo of timber carried on an uncovered part of a freeboard or superstructure deck. The term does not include wood pulp or similar cargo.

• (2)

  Timber Load Line. A timber deck cargo may be regarded as giving a ship a certain additional buoyancy and a greater degree of protection against the sea. For that reason, ships carrying a timber deck cargo may be granted a reduction of freeboard calculated according to the provisions of Regulation 45 and marked on the ship's side in accordance with the provisions of Regulation 6 (3) and (4). However, in order that such special freeboard may be granted and used, the timber deck cargo shall comply with certain conditions which are laid down in Regulation 44, and the ship itself shall also comply with certain conditions relating to its construction which are set out in Regulation 43.

Superstructure

• (1)

  Ships shall have a forecastle of at least standard height and a length of at least 0.07 L. In addition, if the ship is less than 100 metres (328 feet) in length, a poop of at least standard height, or a raised quarterdeck with either a deckhouse or a strong steel hood of at least the same total height shall be fitted aft.

Double Bottom Tanks

• (2)

  Double bottom tanks where fitted within the midship half length of the ship shall have adequate watertight longitudinal subdivision.

Bulwarks

• (3)

  The ship shall be fitted either with permanent bulwarks at least 1 metre (39½ inches) in height, specially stiffened on the upper edge and supported by strong bulwark stays attached to the deck and provided with necessary freeing ports, or with efficient rails of the same height and of specially strong construction.

General

• (1)

  Openings in the weather deck over which cargo is stowed shall be securely closed and battened down.

  The ventilators and air pipes shall be efficiently protected.

• (2)

  Timber deck cargoes shall extend over at least the entire available length which is the total length of the well or wells between superstructures.

  Where there is no limiting superstructure at the after end, the timber shall extend at least to the after end of the aftermost hatchway.

  The timber deck cargo shall extend athwartships as close as possible to the ship's side, due allowance being made for obstructions such as guard rails, bulwark stays, uprights, pilot access, etc., provided any gap thus created at the side of the ship shall not exceed a mean of 4% of the breadth. The timber shall be stowed as solidly as possible to at least the standard heigth of the superstructure other than any raised quarterdeck.

• (3)

  On a ship within a seasonal winter zone in winter, the height of the deck cargo above the weather deck shall not exceed one third of the extreme breadth of the ship.

• (4)

  The timber deck cargo shall be compactly stowed, lashed and secured. It shall not interfere in any way with the navigation and necessary work of the ship.

Uprights

• (5)

  Uprights, when required by the nature of the timber, shall be of adequate strength considering the breadth of the ship; the strength of the uprights shall not exceed the strength of the bulwark and the spacing shall be suitable for the length and character of timber carried, but shall not exceed 3 m. Strong angles or metal sockets or equally efficient means shall be provided for securing the uprights.

Lashings

• (6)

  Timber deck cargo shall be effectively secured throughout its length by a lashing system acceptable to the Administration for the character of the timber carried. ^*Reference is made to the Code of Safe Practice for Ships Carrying Timber Deck Cargoes originally adopted by the Organization as resolution A.287(VIII) and amended by the Maritime Safety Committee at its thirty-ninth session.

Stability

• (7)

  Provision shall be made for a safe margin of stability at all stages of the voyage, regard being given to additions of weight, such as those arising from absorption of water or icing, if applicable, and to losses of weight such as those arising from consumption of fuel and stores.^*Reference is made to the Code of Safe Practice for Ships Carrying Timber Deck Cargoes originally adopted by the Organization as resolution A.287(VIII) and amended by the Maritime Safety Committee at its thirty-ninth session.

Protection of crew, access to machinery spaces, etc.

• (8)

  In addition to the requirements of regulation 25(5), guard-rails or lifelines not more than 350 mm apart vertically shall be provided on each side of the cargo deck to a height of at least 1 m above the cargo.

  In addition a lifeline, preferably wire rope set up taut with a stretching screw, shall be provided as near as practicable to the centreline of the ship. The stanchion supports to all guard-rails and lifelines shall be so spaced as to prevent undue sagging. Where the cargo is uneven a safe walking surface of not less than 600 mm in width shall be fitted over the cargo and effectively secured beneath or adjacent to the lifeline.

• (9)

  Where the requirements prescribed in paragraph 8 are impracticable, alternative arrangements satisfactory to the Administration shall be used.

Steering arrangements

• (10)

  Steering arrangements shall be effectively protected from damage by cargo and, as far as practicable, shall be accessible. Efficient provision shall be made for steering in the event of a breakdown in the main steering arrangements.

• (1)

  The minimum summer freeboards shall be computed in accordance with Regulations 27 (5), 27 (6), 27(11), 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 37 and 38, except that Regulation 37 is modified by substituting the following percentages for those given in Regulation 37:

  	Total Effective Length of Superstructures
  	0	0.1 L	0.2 L	0.3 L	0.4 L	0.5 L	0.6 L	0.7 L	0.8 L	0.9 L	1.0 L
  Percentage of deduction for all types of superstructure	20	31	42	53	64	70.	76	82	88	94	100

  Percentages at intermediate lengths of superstructures shall be obtained by linear interpolation.

• (2)

  The Winter Timber Freeboard shall be obtained by adding to the Summer Timber Freeboard one thirty-sixth of the moulded summer timber draught.

• (3)

  The Winter North Atlantic Timber Freeboard shall be the same as the Winter North Atlantic Freeboard prescribed in Regulation 40 (6).

• (4)

  The Tropical Timber Freeboard shall be obtained by deducting from the Summer Timber Freeboard one forty-eighth of the moulded summer timber draught.

• (5)

  The Fresh Water Timber Freeboard shall be computed in accordance with Regulation 40 (7) based on the summer timber load waterline or with regulation 40(8) based on the summer timber draught measured from the top of the keel to the summer timber load line.