Overeenkomst ter bestrijding van doping

Anti-doping Convention

Preamble

The member States of the Council of Europe, the other States party to the European Cultural Convention, and other States, signatory hereto,

Considering that the aim of the Council of Europe is to achieve a greater unity between its members for the purpose of safeguarding and realising the ideals and principles which are their common heritage and of facilitating their economic and social progress;

Conscious that sport should play an important role in the protection of health, in moral and physical education and in promoting international understanding;

Concerned by the growing use of doping agents and methods by sportsmen and sportswomen throughout sport and the consequences thereof for the health of participants and the future of sport;

Mindful that this problem puts at risk the ethical principles and educational values embodied in the Olympic Charter, in the International Charter for Sport and Physical Education of Unesco and in Resolution (76) 41. of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe, known as the “European Sport for All Charter”;

Bearing in mind the anti-doping regulations, policies and declarations adopted by the international sports organisations;

Aware that public authorities and the voluntary sports organisations have complementary responsibilities to combat doping in sport, notably to ensure the proper conduct, on the basis of the principle of fair play, of sports events and to protect the health of those that take part in them;

Recognising that these authorities and organisations must work together for these purposes at all appropriate levels;

Recalling the resolutions on doping adopted by the Conference of European Ministers responsible for Sport; and in particular Resolution No: 1 adopted at the 6th Conference at Reykjavik in 1989;

Recalling that the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe has already adopted Resolution (67) 12 on the doping of athletes,

Recommendation No. R (79) 8 on doping in sport, Recommendation No. R (84) 19 on the “European Anti-Doping Charter for sport”, and Recommendation No. R (88) 12 on the institution of doping controls without warning outside competitions;

Recalling Recommendation No. 5 on doping adopted by the 2nd International Conference of Ministers and Senior Officials responsible for Sport and Physical Education organised by Unesco at Moscow (1988);

Determined however to take further and stronger co-operative action aimed at the reduction and eventual elimination of doping in sport using as a basis the ethical values and practical measures contained in those instruments,

Have agreed as follows:

Article

1

Aim of the Convention

The Parties, with a view to the reduction and eventual elimination of doping in sport, undertake, within the limits of their respective constitutional provisions, to take the steps necessary to apply the provisions of this Convention.

Article

2

Definition and scope of the Convention

Article

3

Domestic co-ordination

Article

4

Measures to restrict the availability and use of banned doping agents and methods

Article

5

Laboratories

Article

6

Education

Article

7

Co-operation with sports organisations on measures to be taken by them

Article

8

International co-operation

Article

9

Provision of information

Each Party shall forward to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe, in one of the official languages of the Council of Europe, all relevant information concerning legislative and other measures taken by it for the purpose of complying with the terms of this Convention.

Article

10

Monitoring Group

Article

11

Article

12

After each meeting, the Monitoring Group shall forward to the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe a report on its work and on the functioning of the Convention.

Article

13

Amendments to the Articles of the Convention

Final clauses

Article

14

Article

15

Article

16

Article

17

Article

18

Article

19

The Secretary General of the Council of Europe shall notify the Parties, the other member States of the Council of Europe, the other States party to the European Cultural Convention, the non-member States which have participated in the elaboration of this Convention and any State which has acceded or has been invited to accede to it of:

  • a.

    any signature in accordance with Article 14;

  • b.

    the deposit of any instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession in accordance with Article 14 or 16;

  • c.

    any date of entry into force of this Convention in accordance with Articles 15 and 16;

  • d.

    any information forwarded under the provisions of Article 9;

  • e.

    any report prepared in pursuance of the provisions of Article 12;

  • f.

    any proposal for amendment or any amendment adopted in accordance with Article 13 and the date on which the amendment comes into force;

  • g.

    any declaration made under the provisions of Article 17;

  • h.

    any notification made under the provisions of Article 18 and the date on which the denunciation takes effect;

  • i.

    any other act, notification or communication relating to this Convention.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned, being duly authorised thereto, have signed this Convention.

DONE at Strasbourg, this 16th day of November 1989, in English and in French, both texts being equally authentic, in a single copy which shall be deposited in the archives of the Council of Europe. The Secretary General of the Council of Europe shall transmit certified copies to each member State of the Council of Europe, to the other States party to the European Cultural Convention, to the non-member States which have participated in the elaboration of this Convention and to any State invited to accede to it.

APPENDIX

New reference list of substances and methods prohibited in 2004

SUBSTANCES AND METHODS PROHIBITED IN-COMPETITION

PROHIBITED SUBSTANCES

S1. Stimulants

The following stimulants are prohibited, including both their optical (D- and L-) isomers where relevant:

  • Adrafinil, amfepramone, amiphenazole, amphetamine, amphetaminil, benzphetamine, bromantan, carphedon, cathine*Cathine is prohibited when its concentration in urine is greater than 5 micrograms per millilitre., clobenzorex, cocaine, dimethylamphetamine, ephedrine**Each of ephedrine and methylephedrine is prohibited when its concentration in urine is greater than 10 micrograms per millilitre., etilamphetamine, etilefrine, fencamfamin, fenetylline, fenfluramine, fenproporex, furfenorex, mefenorex, mephentermine, mesocarb, methamphetamine, methylamphetamine, methylenedioxyamphetamine, methylenedioxymethamphetamine, methylephedrine**Each of ephedrine and methylephedrine is prohibited when its concentration in urine is greater than 10 micrograms per millilitre., methylphenidate, modafinil, nikethamide, norfenfluramine, parahydroxyamphetamine, pemoline, phendimetrazine, phenmetrazine, phentermine, prolintane, selegiline, strychnine, and other substances with similar chemical structure or similar pharmacological effects***The substances included in the 2004 Monitoring Program are not considered as Prohibited Substances..

S2. Narcotics

The following narcotics are prohibited:

  • buprenorphine, dextromoramide, diamorphine (heroin), hydromorphone, methadone, morphine, oxycodone, oxymorphone, pentazocine, pethidine.

S3. Cannabinoids

Cannabinoids (e.g. hashish, marijuana) are prohibited.

S4. Anabolic agents

Anabolic agents are prohibited.

  • 1.

    Anabolic Androgenic Steroids (AAS)

    • a)

      Exogenous*‘‘exogenous’’ refers to a substance which is not capable of being produced by the body naturally. AAS including but not limited to: androstadienone, bolasterone, boldenone, boldione, clostebol, danazol, dehydrochloromethyltestosterone, delta1-androstene-3,17-dione, drostanolone, drostanediol, fluoxymesterone, formebolone, gestrinone, 4-hydroxytestosterone, 4-hydroxy-19-nortestosterone, mestenolone, mesterolone, methandienone, metenolone, methandriol, methyltestosterone, mibolerone, nandrolone, 19-norandrostenediol, 19-norandrostenedione, norbolethone, norethandrolone, oxabolone, oxandrolone, oxymesterone, oxymetholone, quinbolone, stanozolol, stenbolone, 1-testosterone (delta1-dihydro-testosterone), trenbolone

      and other substances with similar chemical structure or similar pharmacological effect(s).

    • b)

      Endogenous**‘‘endogenous’’ refers to a substance which is capable of being produced by the body natrually. AAS including but not limited to: androstenediol, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), dihydrotestosterone, testosterone and other substances with similar chemical structure or similar pharmacological effect(s).

    Where a Prohibited Substance (as listed above) is capable of being produced by the body naturally, a Sample will be deemed to contain such Prohibited Substance where the concentration of the Prohibited Substance or its metabolites or markers and/or any other relevant ratio(s) in the Athlete’s Sample so deviates from the range of values normally found in humans so as not to be consistent with normal endogenous production. A Sample shall not be deemed to contain a Prohibited Substance in any such case where the Athlete proves by evidence that the concentration of the Prohibited Substance or its metabolites or markers and/or the relevant ratio(s) in the Athlete’s Sample is attributable to a pathological or physiological condition. In all cases, and at any concentration, the laboratory will report an adverse finding if, based on any reliable analytical method, it can show that the Prohibited Substance is of exogenous origin.

    If the laboratory result is not conclusive and no concentration as referred to in the above paragraph is found, the relevant Anti-Doping Organization shall conduct a further investigation if there are serious indications, such as a comparison to reference steroid profiles, for a possible Use of a Prohibited Substance.

    If the laboratory has reported the presence of a T/E ratio greater than six (6) to one (1) in the urine, further investigation is obligatory in order to determine whether the ratio is due to a physiological or pathological condition.

    In both cases, the investigation will include a review of any previous tests, subsequent tests and/or results of endocrine investigations. If previous tests are not available, the Athlete shall undergo an endocrine investigation or be tested unannounced at least three times within a three month period.

    Failure of the Athlete to co-operate in the investigations will result in considering the Athlete’s Sample to contain a Prohibited Substance.

  • 2.

    Other Anabolic Agents

    Clenbuterol, zeranol.

S5. Peptide hormones

The following substances, including other substances with similar chemical structure or similar pharmacological effect(s), and their releasing factors, are prohibited:

  • Erythropoietin (EPO)

  • Growth hormone (hGH) and Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF-1)

  • Chorionic Gonadotrophin (hCG) prohibited in males only;

  • Pituitary and synthetic gonadotrophins (LH) prohibited in males only;

  • Insulin.

  • Corticotrophins

Unless the Athlete can demonstrate that the concentration was due to a physiological or pathological condition, a Sample will be deemed to contain a Prohibited Substance (as listed above) where the concentration of the Prohibited Substance or its metabolites or markers and/or relevant ratios in the Athlete’s Sample so exceeds the range of values normally found in humans so as not to be consistent with normal endogenous production.

The presence of other substances with similar chemical structure or similar pharmacological effect(s), diagnostic marker(s) or releasing factors of a hormone listed above or of any other finding which indicate(s) that the substance detected is not the naturally present hormone, will be reported as an adverse analytical finding.

S6. Beta-2 agonists

All beta-2 agonists including their D- and L- isomers are prohibited except that formoterol, salbutamol, salmeterol and terbutaline are permitted by inhalation only to prevent and/or treat asthma and exerciseinduced asthma/broncho-constriction. A medical notification in accordance with section 8 of the International Standard for Therapeutic Use Exemptions is required.

Despite the granting of a TUE, when the Laboratory has reported a concentration of salbutamol (free plus glucuronide) greater than 1000 ng/mL, this will be considered as an adverse analytical finding unless the athlete proves that the abnormal result was the consequence of the therapeutic use of inhaled salbutamol.

S7. Agents with anti-oestrogenic activity

Aromatase inhibitors, clomiphene, cyclofenil, tamoxifen are prohibited only in males.

S8. Masking agents

Masking agents are prohibited. They are products that have the potential to impair the excretion of Prohibited Substances, to conceal their presence in urine or other Samples used in doping control, or to change haematological parameters.

Masking agents include but are not limited to:

  • Diuretics*A medical approval in accordance with section 7 of the International Standard for Therapeutic Use Exemptions is not valid if an Athlete’s urine contains a diuretic in association with threshold or subthreshold levels of a Prohibited Substance(s)., epitestosterone, probenecid, plasma expanders (e.g. dextran, hydroxyethyl starch.)

Diuretics include:

  • acetazolamide, amiloride, bumetanide, canrenone, chlortalidone, etacrynic acid, furosemide, indapamide, mersalyl, spironolactone, thiazides (e.g. bendroflumethiazide, chlorothiazide, hydrochlorothiazide) and triamterene, and other substances with similar chemical structure or similar pharmacological effect(s).

S9. Glucocorticosteroids

Glucocorticosteroids are prohibited when administered orally, rectally, or by intravenous or intramuscular administration.

All other administration routes require a medical notification in accordance with section 8 of the International Standard for Therapeutic Use Exemptions.

PROHIBITED METHODS

M1. Enhancement of oxygen transfer

The following are prohibited:

  • a)

    Blood doping. Blood doping is the use of autologous, homologous or heterologous blood or red blood cell products of any origin, other than for legitimate medical treatment.

  • b)

    The Use of products that enhance the uptake, transport or delivery of oxygen, e.g. erythropoietins, modified haemoglobin products including but not limited to haemoglobin-based blood substitutes, microencapsulated haemoglobin products, perfluorochemicals, and efaproxiral (RSR13).

M2. Pharmacological, chemical and physical manipulation

Pharmacological, chemical and physical manipulation is the Use of substances and methods, including masking agents, which alter, attempt to alter or may reasonably be expected to alter the integrity and validity of specimens collected in doping controls.

These include but are not limited to catheterisation, urine substitution and/or tampering, inhibition of renal excretion and alterations of testosterone and epitestosterone concentrations.

M3. Gene doping

Gene or cell doping is defined as the non-therapeutic use of genes, genetic elements and/or cells that have the capacity to enhance athletic performance.

SUBSTANCES AND METHODS PROHIBITED IN- AND OUT-OF-COMPETITION

Prohibited substances

(All categories listed hereunder refer to all those substances and methods listed in the relevant section)

  • S4.

    Anabolic agents

  • S5.

    Peptide hormones

  • S6.

    Beta-2 agonists*Only clenbuterol, and salbutamol when its concentration in urine is greater than 1000ng/mL

  • S7.

    Agents with anti-oestrogenic activity

  • S8.

    Masking agents

Prohibited methods

  • M1.

    Enhancement of oxygen transfer

  • M2.

    Pharmacological, chemical and physical manipulation

  • M3.

    Gene doping

SUBSTANCES PROHIBITED IN PARTICULAR SPORTS

P1. Alcohol

Alcohol (ethanol) is prohibited in-Competition only, in the following sports. Detection will be conducted by breath analysis and/or blood. The doping violation threshold for each Federation is reported in parenthesis. If no threshold is indicated, the presence of any quantity of alcohol shall constitute a doping violation.

Aeronautic (FAI)

(0.20 g/L)

Archery (FITA)

(0.10 g/L)

Automobile (FIA)

Billiards (WCBS)

Boules (CMSB)

(0.50 g/L)

Gymnastics (FIG)

(0.10 g/L)

Karate (WKF)

(0.40 g/L)

Modern Pentathlon (UIPM)

(0.10 g/L) for the modern pentathlon discipline

Motorcycling (FIM)

Roller Sports (FIRS)

(0.02 g/L)

Skiing (FIS)

Triathlon (ITU)

(0.40 g/L)

Wrestling (FILA)

P2. Beta-blockers

Unless otherwise specified, beta-blockers are prohibited in-Competition only, in the following sports.

  • Aeronautic (FAI)

  • Archery (FITA) (also prohibited out of competition)

  • Automobile (FIA)

  • Billiards (WCBS)

  • Bobsleigh (FIBT)

  • Boules (CMSB)

  • Bridge (FMB)

  • Chess (FIDE)

  • Curling (WCF)

  • Gymnastics (FIG)

  • Motorcycling (FIM)

  • Modern Pentathlon (IUPM) for the modern pentathlon discipline

  • Nine-pin bowling (FIQ)

  • Sailing (ISAF) match race helms only

  • Shooting (ISSF) (also prohibited out of competition)

  • Skiing (FIS) ski jumping & free style snow board

  • Swimming (FINA) in diving & synchronised swimming

  • Wrestling (FILA)

Beta-blockers include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • acebutolol, alprenolol, atenolol, betaxolol, bisoprolol, bunolol, carteolol, carvedilol, celiprolol, esmolol, labetalol, levobunolol, metipranolol, metoprolol, nadolol, oxprenolol, pindolol, propranolol, sotalol, timolol.

P3. Diuretics

Diuretics are prohibited in- and out- of competition in all sports as masking agents. However, in the following weight-classified sports and sports where weight loss can enhance performance, no Therapeutic Use Exemptions shall be granted for use of diuretics.

  • Body-Building (IFBB)

  • Boxing (AIBA)

  • Judo (IJF)

  • Karate (WKF)

  • Powerlifting (IPF)

  • Rowing (Light-Weight) (FISA)

  • Skiing (FIS) for Ski Jumping only

  • Taekwondo (WTF)

  • Weightlifting (IWF)

  • Wrestling (FILA)

  • Wushu (IWUF)

Overeenkomst ter bestrijding van doping

Preambule

De lidstaten van de Raad van Europa, de andere Staten die partij zijn bij het Europees Cultureel Verdrag, en andere Staten die deze Overeenkomst hebben ondertekend,

Overwegend dat het doel van de Raad van Europa is het tot stand brengen van een grotere eenheid tussen zijn leden teneinde de idealen en beginselen die hun gemeenschappelijk erfdeel zijn, veilig te stellen en te verwezenlijken en hun economische en sociale vooruitgang te bevorderen;

Zich ervan bewust dat sport een belangrijke rol dient te spelen bij de bescherming van de gezondheid, bij de zedelijke en lichamelijke opvoeding en bij de bevordering van internationaal begrip;

Bezorgd over het toenemende gebruik van dopingmiddelen en dopingmethoden door sportmensen in alle takken van sport en de gevolgen daarvan voor de gezondheid van sportmensen en de toekomst van de sport;

Indachtig het feit dat dit probleem een bedreiging vormt voor de ethische beginselen en de opvoedende waarden vervat in het Olympisch Handvest, in het Internationale Handvest voor Sport en Lichamelijke Opvoeding van UNESCO en in resolutie 76(41) van het Comité van Ministers van de Raad van Europa, bekend als het „Europees Handvest inzake sport voor allen”;

Gelet op de regelingen, beleidslijnen en verklaringen inzake de bestrijding van doping, aangenomen door de internationale sportorganisaties;

Zich bewust van het feit dat de verantwoordelijkheden van de overheden en de particuliere sportorganisaties ten aanzien van het bestrijden van doping in de sport elkaar aanvullen, met name wat betreft het waarborgen van een goed verloop van sportevenementen, gebaseerd op het beginsel van eerlijk spel, en wat betreft het beschermen van de gezondheid van allen die daaraan deelnemen;

Erkennend dat deze overheden en organisaties hiertoe op alle passende niveaus moeten samenwerken;

Herinnerend aan de resoluties inzake doping, aangenomen door de Conferentie van Europese Ministers verantwoordelijk voor Sport, en met name Resolutie nr. 1, aangenomen tijdens de 6e Conferentie te Reykjavik in 1989;

In herinnering roepend dat het Comité van Ministers van de Raad van Europa Resolutie (67)12 inzake doping van atleten, aanbeveling nr. R(79)8 inzake doping in de sport, aanbeveling nr. R(84) 19 inzake het „Europees Handvest inzake de bestrijding van doping in de sport” en Aanbeveling nr. R(88)l2 inzake het zonder voorafgaande waarschuwing houden van dopingcontroles buiten wedstrijden, reeds heeft aangenomen;

Herinnerend aan Aanbeveling nr. 5 inzake doping, aangenomen door de 2e Internationale Conferentie van Ministers en Hoge Ambtenaren verantwoordelijk voor Sport en Lichamelijke Opvoeding, georganiseerd door Unesco te Moskou (1988);

Niettemin vastbesloten nadere maatregelen te nemen, in hechtere samenwerking, gericht op de vermindering en uiteindelijke uitbanning van: doping in de sport op basis van de in die akten vervatte ethische waarden en praktische maatregelen,

zijn het volgende overeengekomen:

Artikel

1

Doel van de Overeenkomst

De Partijen verbinden zich ertoe, in het streven naar de vermindering en uiteindelijke uitbanning van doping in de sport, binnen de grenzen van hun onderscheiden constitutionele bepalingen, de noodzakelijke stappen te nemen om de bepalingen van deze Overeenkomst toe te passen.

Artikel

2

Begripsomschrijvingen en werkingssfeer van de Overeenkomst

Artikel

3

Coördinatie op binnenlands niveau

Artikel

4

Maatregelen ter beperking van de beschikbaarheid en het gebruik van verboden dopingmiddelen en dopingmethoden

Artikel

5

Laboratoria

Artikel

6

Onderwijs

Artikel

7

Samenwerking met sportorganisaties inzake door hen te nemen maatregelen

Artikel

8

Internationale samenwerking

Artikel

9

Verstrekking van informatie

Elke Partij stuurt de Secretaris-Generaal van de Raad van Europa in één van de officiële talen van de Raad van Europa alle relevante informatie betreffende wettelijke en andere maatregelen die zij heeft genomen ten einde aan de voorwaarden van deze Overeenkomst te voldoen.

Artikel

10

Commissie van Toezicht

Artikel

11

Artikel

12

Na elke bijeenkomst stuurt de Commissie van Toezicht het Comité van Ministers van de Raad van Europa een verslag van haar werk en van de werking van de Overeenkomst.

Artikel

13

Wijzigingen van de artikelen van de Overeenkomst

SLOTBEPALINGEN

Artikel

14

Artikel

15

Artikel

16

Artikel

17

Artikel

18

Artikel

19

De Secretaris-Generaal van de Raad van Europa stelt de Partijen, de andere lidstaten van de Raad van Europa, de andere Staten die Partij zijn bij het Europees Cultureel Verdrag, de niet-lidstaten die hebben deelgenomen aan het opstellen van deze Overeenkomst, alsmede iedere Staat die ertoe is toegetreden of is uitgenodigd ertoe toe te treden, in kennis van:

  • a.

    iedere ondertekening overeenkomstig artikel 14;

  • b.

    de nederlegging van iedere akte van bekrachtiging, aanvaarding, goedkeuring of toetreding overeenkomstig de artikelen 14 of 16;

  • c.

    iedere datum van inwerkingtreding van deze Overeenkomst overeenkomstig de artikelen 15 en 16;

  • d.

    iedere overeenkomstig het bepaalde in artikel 9 gedane mededeling;

  • e.

    ieder ingevolge het bepaalde in artikel 12 opgesteld verslag;

  • f.

    ieder wijzigingsvoorstel of iedere wijziging, aangenomen overeenkomstig artikel 13, en de datum waarop de wijziging van kracht wordt;

  • g.

    iedere overeenkomstig het bepaalde in artikel 17 afgelegde verklaring;

  • h.

    iedere overeenkomstig het bepaalde in artikel 18 gedane kennisgeving, alsmede de datum waarop de opzegging van kracht wordt;

  • i.

    iedere andere handeling, kennisgeving of mededeling betrekking hebbend, op deze Overeenkomst.

TEN BLIJKE WAARVAN de ondergetekenden, zijnde daartoe behoorlijk gemachtigd, deze Overeenkomst hebben ondertekend.

GEDAAN TE Straatsburg, op 16 november 1989, in de Engelse en de Franse taal, zijnde beide teksten gelijkelijk authentiek, in een enkel exemplaar, dat zal worden nedergelegd in het archief van de Raad van Europa. De Secretaris-Generaal van de Raad van Europa doet hiervan voor eensluidend gewaarmerkte afschriften toekomen aan iedere lidstaat van de Raad van Europa, aan de andere Staten die Partij zijn bij het Europees Cultureel Verdrag, aan de niet-lidstaten die hebben deelgenomen aan het opstellen van deze Overeenkomst en aan iedere Staat die is uitgenodigd ertoe toe te treden.