Verklaring betreffende de aanleg van internationale hoofdverkeerswegen
Declaration on the construction of main international traffic arteries
The undersigned, duly authorized,
Meeting under the auspices of the Economic Commission for Europe,
Conscious of the need to develop international road traffic in Europe,
Considering that it is essential, in order to establish closer relations between European countries, to lay down a co-ordinated plan for the construction or reconstruction of roads suitable for international traffic,
1.
Declare that they adopt the proposed road network described in annex I hereto as a concerted plan for construction and reconstruction of roads of international importance, which they intend to undertake, within the framework of their national programmes for public works or within the possibilities of international financing.
2.
The undersigned further declare that the construction or reconstruction of the roads mentioned in annex I shall be carried out in accordance with the characteristics set out in chapter A of annex II hereto. The undersigned further undertake to see that the roads mentioned in annex I shall be equipped with the ancillary services provided for in annex II, chapter B, the help of private enterprises being utilized where possible.
3.
The roads mentioned in annex I hereto shall be identified by means of the special sign described in annex III.
4.
This declaration shall be open for signature until 30 June 1951 and, after that date, for accession by all countries participating in the work of the Economic Commission for Europe.
5.
The instruments of accession shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations, who shall notify each of the countries mentioned in paragraph 4 above of such deposit.
6.
This Declaration shall enter into force on the date of its signature.
7.
The original of this Declaration shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations, who shall deliver a certified true copy of the Declaration to each of the countries mentioned in paragraph 4 above.
8.
In the event of one of the signatory or acceding countries being desirous of amending one of the annexes hereto, the said country shall request that a meeting of all signatory or acceding countries be convened, under the auspices of the Economic Commission for Europe or of such other body as may replace the latter.
DONE at Geneva, on the sixteenth day of September, nineteen hundred and fifty, in a single copy, in the English and French languages, the two texts being equally authentic.
Annex
I
1)In this annex geographical names and the spelling of names of towns are those now used locally and are not necessarily recognized and accepted by the Parties to the Declaration.LIST AND NUMBERS OF THE ROADS OF THE INTERNATIONAL NETWORK
A. MAIN INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC ARTERIES
E1 London - Paris - Nice - Roma - Palermo:
London - Southampton (boat to Le Havre).
Le Havre - Paris - Sens - Avallon - Chagny - Mâcon - Lyon - Valence - Bollène - Aix-en-Provence - Saint-Raphaël - Nice - Ventimiglia - Savona - Genova - La Spezia - Massa Carrara - Migliarino - Pisa-Livorno - Roma - Ponte Garigliano - Mondragone - Napoli - Pompei - Salerno - Cosenza - Reggio Calabria (ferry from Villa-San-Giovanni and from Reggio Calabria to Messina) - Messina - Palermo.
Silivri - Istanbul - Izmit - Adapazarí - Bolu - Gerede - Ankara - Aksaray - Adana - Iskenderun - (Turkish-Syrian frontier).
E6 Roma - Berlin - Oslo - Stjördal:
Roma - Siena - Firenze - Bologna - Modena - Verona - Trento - Passo del Brennero/Brenner Pass - Innsbruck - Griesen - München - Nürnberg - Hof - Leipzig -- Berlin .- Neubrandenburg - Stralsund - Sassnitz (ferry to Trelleborg) - Trelleborg - Malmö - Hälsingborg - Falkenberg - Göteborg - Uddevalla - Svinesund - Moss - Oslo - Eidsvoll - Hamar - Otta - Dombås - Trondheim - Stjördal.
E7 Roma - Wien - Warszawa:
Roma - Todi - Ponte San Giovanni (Perugia) - Cesena - Forlì - Bologna - Ferrara - Padova - Mestre - Cervignano - Udine - Tarvision - Villach - Bruck an der Mur - Wien - Drasenhofen - Brno - Olomouc - Český Tĕšin - Kraków - Radom - Warszawa.
E8 London - Den Haag - Berlin - Warszawa -(USSR):
Londen - Colchester - Harwich (ferry to Hoek van Holland) - Hoek van Holland - Den Haag - Gouda - Utrecht - Amersfoort - Oldenzaal - Osnabrück - Bad Oeynhausen - Hannover - Magdeburg - Berlin - Poznan - Krosniewice - Lowicz - Warszawa - (USSR).
Conditions to which the main international traffic arteries shall conform
A
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MAIN INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC ARTERIES
I
General
1.
The fundamental characteristics of the design and construction of the main international traffic arteries, hereinafter designated as “international roads”, are dealt with in the following provisions. They apply only to the sections of these roads outside built-up areas. The latter should be by-passed if they constitute a hindrance or danger.
2.
It is always desirable to adopt maximum dimensional characteristics whenever this is possible without undue expenditure; those indicated hereinafter as a rule represent the minimum. However, in some exceptional cases (unfrequented roads, mountainous areas, very difficult terrain, etc.), reduced dimensional characteristics adapted to local conditions may be allowed, subject to the fullest possible observance of the spirit of the directions given below, and in particular of those relating to homogeneity of alignment.
3.
The roads are built according to the volume and the composition of the traffic to be accommodated and with reference to a suitably selected design speed. The volume and composition of traffic to be considered are those of some definite peak hour, excluding peaks occurring with low frequency, so as to limit the hours of congestion to an acceptable number with due regard to the probable development of traffic. The design speed chosen is as high as possible with due regard to the importance of the road, the topography of the region traversed, and other local conditions.
II
Types and categories of roads
International roads are classified into the following categories:
A. Ordinary type roads
(a) Category I: Roads having a single carriageway with two traffic lanes each at least 3.50 metres wide
These roads can normally accommodate volumes not in excess of 600 vehicles/hour with 30 per cent heavy vehicles or 900 vehicles/ hour without heavy vehicles, provided the geometric characteristics of the road ensure good passing sight distance on the greater part of the length of the road and crossings at grade are not too numerous.
(b) Category II: Roads having more than two traffic lanes each at least 3.50 metres wide
Under the same conditions as above these roads can normally accommodate volumes not in excess of 900-1300 vehicles/hour for 3-lane roads. Four-lane roads can accommodate 1500-3000 vehicles /hour according as the percentage of heavy vehicles is high or low and the traffic in the two directions even or uneven. It is also recommended that, for greater safety, separate one-way carriageways be provided whenever possible where the intensity of traffic exceeds 600-900 vehicles/hour. In the case of 3-lane roads, longitudinal marking is especially necessary.
B. Motorways
Motorways are roads for automobile traffic only; they are accessible only from specially designed interchanges and have no crossings at grade. These roads generally have two separate and independent one-way carriageways each carriageway having at least two traffic lanes each with a minimum width of 3.5 metres.
III
Standards
(a)
Cross-section
1. Shoulders
In addition to the carriageways, international roads are provided with shoulders at least 2.5 metres wide. Clear lateral areas free from any obstacle are provided over at least 1 metre from the edge of the carriageway.
2. Special paths
Special paths for the exclusive use of pedestrians or cyclists are also provided on the shoulders of ordinary type roads whenever a daily volume of 500 pedestrians or cyclists (or road-users of a similar category) is reached.
3. Trams and railways
Trams and railways are excluded from the carriageway o± ordinary type roads and from within the formation of motorways.
4. Crossfall
On straight sections the cross-section of the carriageway consists of one or two planes with as small a crossfall as possible and 3 per cent maximum. The minimum radius below which bends must be raised is 1000 metres. The maximum superelevation is 8 per cent.
5. Extra width on curves
Extra width is provided on curves to ensure the free passage of the largest authorised vehicles when meeting.
(b)
Horizontal and vertical alignment
1. Homogeneity of alignment
International roads present homogeneous characteristics over sufficiently long sections. Changes in characteristics are made at points where they are normally obvious to a driver (such as passing through a built-up area or a change in topography). If this is not possible they are introduced progressively.
2. Geometric characteristics
The principal geometric characteristics of the international roads are summarized in the following table.
Design Speed (in kms/hr)
120
100
80
60
Gradient (% which should not be exceeded)
4
5
6
8
Minimum radii in
convex vertical curves (in metres) (1)
one-way carriageway
8000
4000
2000
-
two-way carriageway
-
6000
2500
1000
Radii of horizontal curves (in metres)
500
300
200
100
(1) The minimum radii of convex vertical curves given in the table relate to approach gradients which are approximately equal and of contrary sense, the difference in slopes being moreover sufficient to limit the visibility.
The design speed of 120 kms/hour is only chosen if the carriageways are separated and if most of the accesses are specially designed.
The figures (given for the radii of convex vertical curves are absolute minima. They ensure, for the given design speed, strictly sufficient visibility distances under normal traffic conditions and in the absence of unfavourable factors (such as smooth tyres or wet roads).
Concave curves are such that, for the given design speed, acceleration may not exceed 0.50 m/sec2.
The figures for the radii of horizontal curves are the minimum needed to ensure the stability of the vehicle. They should be increased by at least 50 per cent for easy and comfortable travel.
The curved and straight sections of the horizontal alignment are connected by gradual bends.
The horizontal and vertical visibilities provided are such as to give the same degree of safety, taking gradients into account, if any. It is often possible to achieve a favourable solution by doubling the carriageway at summits and bends.
On two-way carriageways with 2 or 3 lanes the necessary passing sight distance is ensured on a percentage of the total length of the road as high as possible and distributed with the utmoss uniformity. This percentage must be at least 50 for the traffic volumes mentioned in chapter II for the ordinary type roads of category I and for the 3-lane roads of category II.
(c)
Special measures
1. Stopping and parking
Stopping and parking are prohibited on motorways. The shoulders of these roads are shaped with a minimum width of 2.5 metres to permit vehicles to stop in an emergency.
In order to reduce the stopping and parking of vehicles on the carriageways of ordinary type roads carrying average daily volumes in excess of 1500 vehicles the following should be provided off the carriageway:
(a) lay-bys; their spacing is governed by local factors such as the number of adjoining properties and the volume of traffic;
(b) draw-ins for buses.
2. Lighting
The lighting provided on sections carrying important night traffic is uniform and sufficient to enable motorized traffic to travel without headlights.
IV
Intersections and accesses
1
Elimination of secondary intersections
The crossing at grade of ordinary type international roads by local roads of secondary importance is avoided as far as possible.
2
Intersections and interchanges
The intersections on an international road should be specially designed for the traffic using them.
Such designs include:
(a) for motorways
roads at different levels with a connected system of entrances and exits avoiding any traffic cut on the motorway.
The system of connecting roads includes, where necessary, acceleration and deceleration lanes distinguishable from the carriageway of the motorway and of sufficient length to enable drivers to execute the required manoeuvre and to change the speed of their vehicles to get from one road to another without interfering with traffic on the motorway.
(b) for ordinary type roads
arrangements for crossing and for connection according to the principles given in (a ) above when the traffic flows are of sufficient importance.
If a grade-separated intersection is not justified directional islands are provided to canalise the traffic crossing on the secondary road. If necessary, the carriageway of the international road should be duplicated to provide an adequate waiting zone for vehicles between the opposing directions of travel.
The mutual visibility between roads entering an intersection is sufficient to permit a safe approach and crossing of the intersection.
The intersection is designed so as to reduce, as may be necessary, the speed of vehicles coming from the side road, account being taken in particular of the visibility.
Acceleration and deceleration lanes contiguous with the carriageway of the international road are provided at important intersections particularly when there are dual carriageways.
Roundabouts and light signals should in general be avoided.
3
Access to adjoining property
Direct access of adjoining property is not allowed on motorways. For ordinary type roads it would be desirable for laws to be passed to permit the limitation and control of access to adjoining property,
4
Railway level-crossings
Railway level-crossings should not be used on international roads.
V
Structures
1
Alignment and cross-sections: No modification of the characteristics of the carriageway and, if appropriate, of cycle-tracks or footpaths is allowed over and under structures. The clear margins are retained.
2
Overhead clearance: The minimum overhead clearance for new or rebuilt structures is 4.5 metres.
VI
Landscaping
1
Road design should ensure the harmony of the curves in vertical and horizontal alignment.
2
Roadside hoardings should be prohibited.
B
ANCILLARY SERVICES
1. Frontier crossings
Adequate road facilities are provided at frontiers for the accommodation and clearance of normal traffic. Where required commercial and tourist traffic should be separated and combined frontier posts established.
2. Garages and other accommodation
Parking space is provided near motorways where the access roads are very far apart.
In less developed areas filling stations and where necessary garages and workshops and accommodation for rest and meals are provided in proximity to the international road.
3. First-aid
First-aid posts are provided along international roads to supplement local facilities where necessary. They are equipped in accordance with the recommendations of the Standing International Commission on Highway First-Aid and of the League of Red Cross Societies.
4. Telecommunications
International roads are equipped with emergency telephone posts at regular intervals, provided with multilingual instructions.
Annex
III
SIGN INDICATING MAIN INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC ARTERIES
1.
The additional route identification sign to indicate the main international traffic arteries (roads which, in agreement with the other Contracting States concerned, have been designated as such by the State on whose territory they are situated in order to ensure continuity of routes and uniformity of technical conditions) shall be rectangular in shape.
2.
This sign shall consist of the letter E followed by the designated number of the route in Arabic numerals.
3.
The colours of this sign shall be green for the ground and white for the inscription.
4.
The sign may be affixed to or combined with other signs.
5.
Its size shall be such that the indication can be easily understood by drivers of vehicles travelling at speed.
Verklaring nopens de aanleg van internationale hoofdverkeerswegen
De ondergetekenden, behoorlijk gemachtigd,
Vergaderd onder de auspiciën van de Economische Commissie voor Europa,
Zich bewust van de noodzakelijkheid het internationale wegverkeer in Europa te ontwikkelen,
Overwegende, dat het voor het nauwer aanhalen van de betrekkingen tussen de Europese landen van groot belang is een gecoördineerd plan op te stellen voor de aanleg of verbetering van wegen, die aan de eisen van het internationale verkeer zijn aangepast,
1.
Verklaren, dat zij het voorgestelde wegennet, beschreven in de bij deze verklaring gevoegde bijlage I, aanvaarden als een gezamenlijk plan voor het aanleggen en verbeteren van wegen van internationaal belang, hetwelk zij voornemens zijn uit te voeren binnen het kader van hun nationaal programma voor openbare werken of binnen de mogelijkheden van internationale financiering.
2.
De ondergetekenden verklaren voorts dat de aanleg of de verbetering van de in de bijlage I vermelde wegen zal geschieden overeenkomstig de in hoofdstuk A van bijlage II vermelde normen. De ondergetekenden verbinden er zich voorts toe, er voor te zorgen, dat de in bijlage I vermelde wegen zullen worden voorzien van de hulpdiensten als bepaald in bijlage II, hoofdstuk B, waar mogelijk met de medewerking van particuliere ondernemingen.
3.
De in bijlage I vermelde wegen zullen worden aangegeven door middel van een speciaal verkeersteken beschreven in bijlage III.
4.
Deze verklaring staat tot 30 Juni 1951 open voor ondertekening en na die datum voor toetreding door de landen die aan de werkzaamheden van de Economische Commissie voor Europa deelnemen,
5.
De akten van toetreding worden nedergelegd bij de Secretaris-Generaal der Verenigde Naties, die de hierboven in lid 4 bedoelde landen mededeling doet van zodanige nederlegging.
6.
Deze verklaring treedt in werking op de dag van haar ondertekening.
7.
Het origineel van deze verklaring wordt nedergelegd bij de Secretaris-Generaal der Verenigde Naties, die een gewaarmerkt afschrift ervan doet toekomen aan de hierboven in lid 4 bedoelde landen.
8.
Ingeval een van de landen welke deze verklaring hebben ondertekend of ertoe zijn toegetreden een van de bijlagen van deze verklaring wenst te wijzigen, verzoekt dat land de bijeenroeping van een vergadering van al deze landen onder de auspiciën van de Economische Commissie voor Europa of van enig ander lichaam dat daar eventueel voor in de plaats zou komen.
GEDAAN te Genève, de zestiende September negentienhonderd vijftig, in één exemplaar in de Engelse en Franse taal, zijnde beide teksten gelijkelijk authentiek.
Bijlage
I
LIJST EN NUMMERS VAN DE WEGEN VAN HET INTERNATIONALE WEGENNET
De tekst van de vertaling is niet beschikbaar.
Bijlage
II
VOORWAARDEN WAARAAN DE INTERNATIONALE HOOFDVERKEERSWEGEN MOETEN VOLDOEN
A
NORMEN VOOR DE INTERNATIONALE HOOFDVERKEERSWEGEN
I
Algemeen
De tekst van de vertaling is niet beschikbaar.
II
Wegen
De tekst van de vertaling is niet beschikbaar.
III
Aansluitpunten en kruispunten
De tekst van de vertaling is niet beschikbaar.
IV
Omleggingen om steden en dorpen en lintbebouwing
De tekst van de vertaling is niet beschikbaar.
V
Bruggen, tunnels, galerijen, enz.
De tekst van de vertaling is niet beschikbaar.
VI
Landschapszorg
De tekst van de vertaling is niet beschikbaar.
B
HULPDIENSTEN
De tekst van de vertaling is niet beschikbaar.
Bijlage
III
VERKEERSTEKEN TER AANDUIDING VAN INTERNATIONALE HOOFDVERKEERSWEGEN
1.
Het aanvullende verkeersteken ter aanduiding van de routes der internationale hoofdverkeerswegen (wegen welke in overeenstemming met de andere Overeenkomstsluitende Staten door de Staat op wiens grondgebied zij zijn gelegen, als zodanig zijn aangewezen om de continuïteit van de verbindingen en de uniformiteit van de technische kenmerken te verzekeren) heeft een rechthoekige vorm.
2.
Dit teken bestaat uit de letter E gevolgd door het nummer van de route in Arabische cijfers.
3.
De kleuren van het teken zijn groen wat de achtergrond en wit wat het opschrift betreft.
4.
Het teken kan op andere tekens worden aangebracht of er mede gecombineerd worden.
5.
De afmetingen zijn zodanig, dat de aanduiding gemakkelijk door de bestuurders van zeer snel rijdende voertuigen kan worden waargenomen.