Article
I
For the purposes of this Convention, the following definitions shall apply:
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Access (to higher education): the right provided to any individual holding a qualification to apply and be considered for admission to a level of higher education
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Admission (to higher-education institutions and programmes): the act of, or system for, allowing qualified applicants to pursue higher education at a given institution and/or in a given programme
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Applicant:
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a)
an individual submitting to the competent recognition authority a qualification, partial studies, or prior learning for assessment and/or recognition; or
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b)
an entity acting with consent on behalf of an individual
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a)
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Assessment: the evaluation of an applicant’s qualifications, partial studies, or prior learning by a competent recognition authority engaged in the evaluation of qualifications
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Competent authority: an individual or entity that has the authority, capacity, or legal power to perform a designated function
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Competent recognition authority: an entity which, in accordance with the laws, regulations, policies, or practices of a State Party, assesses qualifications and/or makes decisions on the recognition of qualifications
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Constituent units: official entities of a State Party to this Convention at the level of subnational jurisdictions, such as provinces, states, counties, or cantons, in accordance with Article XX b), Federal or Non-Unitary Constitutional Systems, of this Convention
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Cross-border education: all modes of educational delivery which involve the movement of people, knowledge, programmes, providers and curriculum across States Parties’ borders, including, but not limited to, quality-assured international joint degree programmes, cross-border higher education, transnational education, offshore education and borderless education
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Displaced person: an individual forced to move from his or her locality or environment and occupational activities to another locality or environment
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Formal education system: a State Party’s education system, including all officially recognized entities with responsibility for education, as well as public and private education institutions at all levels recognized by a State Party’s competent authorities and authorized thereby to deliver instruction and other education-related services
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Formal learning: learning derived from activities within a structured learning setting, leading to a formal qualification, and provided by an education institution recognized by a State Party’s competent authorities and authorized thereby to deliver such learning activities
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Higher education: all types of study programmes or sets of courses of study at the post-secondary level which are recognized by the competent authorities of a State Party, or of a constituent unit thereof, as belonging to its higher-education system
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Higher-education institution: an establishment providing higher education and recognized by a competent authority of a State Party, or of a constituent unit thereof, as belonging to its higher-education system
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Higher-education programme: a post-secondary programme of study recognized by the competent authority of a State Party, or of a constituent unit thereof, as belonging to its higher-education system and the successful completion of which provides the student with a higher-education qualification
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Informal learning: learning which occurs outside the formal education system and which results from daily life activities related to work, family, local community, or leisure
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International joint degree: a type of cross-border education degree; a single degree recognized and/or authorized and conferred jointly upon completion of an integrated, coordinated and jointly offered programme, by two or more higher education institutions belonging to more than one country
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Learning outcomes: a learner’s acquired knowledge and skills upon completion of a learning process
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Lifelong learning: a process which refers to all learning activities, whether formal, non-formal, or informal, covers the entire lifespan and has the aim of improving and developing human capacities, knowledge, skills, attitudes and competencies
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Mobility: the physical or virtual movement of individuals outside their country for the purpose of studying, researching, teaching, or working
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Non-formal learning: learning achieved within an education or training framework which places an emphasis on working life and which does not belong to the formal education system
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Non-traditional learning modes: formal, non-formal and informal mechanisms for the delivery of educational programmes and learning activities not primarily relying on face-to-face interaction between the educator and the learner
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Partial recognition: the partial recognition of a full and completed qualification which cannot be fully recognized on account of the demonstration of substantial differences by a competent recognition authority
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Partial studies: any part of a higher-education programme which has been evaluated and, while not a complete programme in itself, represents a significant acquisition of knowledge, skills, attitudes and competencies
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Prior learning: the experience, knowledge, skills, attitudes and competencies which an individual has acquired as a result of formal, non-formal, or informal learning, assessed against a given set of learning outcomes, objectives, or standards
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Qualification:
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a)
Higher-education qualification: any degree, diploma, certificate, or award issued by a competent authority and attesting the successful completion of a higher-education programme or the validation of prior learning, where applicable
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b)
Qualification giving access to higher education: any degree, diploma, certificate, or award issued by a competent authority and attesting the successful completion of an education programme or the validation of prior learning, where applicable, and giving the holder of the qualification the right to be considered for admission to higher education
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a)
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Qualified applicant: an individual who has fulfilled relevant criteria and is considered eligible to apply for admission to higher education
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Qualifications framework: a system for the classification, publication and organization of quality assured qualifications according to a set of criteria
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Quality assurance: an ongoing process by which the quality of a higher-education system, institution, or programme is assessed by the competent authority/authorities to assure stakeholders that acceptable educational standards are continuously being maintained and enhanced
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Recognition: a formal acknowledgment by a competent recognition authority of the validity and academic level of a foreign education qualification, of partial studies, or of prior learning for the purpose of providing an applicant with outcomes including, but not limited to:
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a)
the right to apply for admission to higher education; and/or
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b)
the possibility to seek employment opportunities
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a)
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Region: any one of the areas identified in accordance with the UNESCO definition of regions with a view to the execution by the Organization of regional activities, namely, Africa, Arab States, Asia and the Pacific, Europe, and Latin America and the Caribbean
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Regional recognition conventions: the UNESCO conventions on the recognition of qualifications concerning higher education in each of the UNESCO regions, including the Convention on the Recognition of Studies, Diplomas and Degrees in Higher Education in the Arab and European States bordering on the Mediterranean
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Requirements:
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a)
General requirements: conditions which must be fulfilled for access to higher education, or to a given level thereof, or for the obtaining of a higher-education qualification at a given level
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b)
Specific requirements: conditions, in addition to the general requirements, which must be fulfilled for admission to a particular higher-education programme, or for the obtaining of a specific higher-education qualification in a particular field of study
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a)
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Substantial differences: significant differences between the foreign qualification and the qualification of the State Party which would most likely prevent the applicant from succeeding in a desired activity, such as, but not limited to, further study, research activities, or employment opportunities