Verdrag tussen het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden en het Koninkrijk Zweden tot het vermijden van dubbele belasting met betrekking tot belastingen naar het inkomen en het voorkomen van het ontduiken en ontwijken van belasting

1

This Convention shall apply to persons who are residents of one or both of the Contracting States.

2

For the purposes of this Convention, income derived by or through an entity or arrangement that is treated as wholly or partly fiscally transparent under the tax law of either Contracting State shall be considered to be income of a resident of a Contracting State but only to the extent that the income is treated, for purposes of taxation by that State, as the income of a resident of that State.

3

In no case shall the provisions of paragraph 2 be construed to affect the right of a Contracting State to tax the residents of that Contracting State.

1

This Convention shall apply to taxes on income imposed on behalf of a Contracting State or of its political subdivisions or local authorities, irrespective of the manner in which they are levied.

2

There shall be regarded as taxes on income all taxes imposed on total income, or on elements of income, including taxes on gains from the alienation of movable or immovable property, as well as taxes on capital appreciation.

3

The existing taxes to which the Convention shall apply are:

• a)

  in the Netherlands:

  • (i)

    the income tax (de inkomstenbelasting);

  • (ii)

    the wages tax (de loonbelasting);

  • (iii)

    the company tax (de vennootschapsbelasting) including the Government share in the net profits of the exploitation of natural resources levied pursuant to the Mining Act (de Mijnbouwwet);

  • (iv)

    the dividend tax (de dividendbelasting); and

  • (v)

    the withholding tax (de bronbelasting);

  (hereinafter referred to as “Netherlands tax”);

• b)

  in Sweden:

  • (i)

    the national income tax (den statliga inkomstskatten);

  • (ii)

    the withholding tax on dividends (kupongskatten);

  • (iii)

    the income tax on non-residents (den särskilda inkomstskatten för utomlands bosatta);

  • (iv)

    the income tax on non-resident artistes and athletes (den särskilda inkomstskatten för utomlands bosatta artister m.fl.); and

  • (v)

    the municipal income tax (den kommunala inkomstskatten);

  (hereinafter referred to as “Swedish tax”).

4

The Convention shall apply also to any identical or substantially similar taxes that are imposed after the date of signature of the Convention in addition to, or in place of, the existing taxes referred to in paragraph 3. The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall notify each other of any significant changes that have been made in their taxation laws.

1

For the purposes of this Convention, unless the context otherwise requires:

• a)

  the terms “a Contracting State” and “the other Contracting State” mean the Kingdom of the Netherlands, in respect of the Netherlands, or Sweden, as the context requires;

• b)

  the term “the Netherlands” means the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, including its territorial sea and any area beyond and adjacent to its territorial sea within which the Kingdom of the Netherlands, in accordance with international law, exercises jurisdiction or sovereign rights;

• c)

  the term “Sweden” means the Kingdom of Sweden and, when used in a geographical sense, includes the national territory, the territorial sea of Sweden as well as other maritime areas over which Sweden in accordance with international law exercises sovereign rights or jurisdiction;

• d)

  the term “person” includes an individual, a company and any other body of persons;

• e)

  the term “company” means any body corporate or any entity that is treated as a body corporate for tax purposes;

• f)

  the term “enterprise” applies to the carrying on of any business;

• g)

  the terms “enterprise of a Contracting State” and “enterprise of the other Contracting State” mean respectively an enterprise carried on by a resident of a Contracting State and an enterprise carried on by a resident of the other Contracting State;

• h)

  the term “international traffic” means any transport by a ship or aircraft except when the ship or aircraft is operated solely between places in a Contracting State and the enterprise that operates the ship or aircraft is not an enterprise of that State;

• i)

  the term “competent authority” means:

  • (i)

    in the Netherlands: the Minister of Finance or his authorised representative;

  • (ii)

    in Sweden: the Government, its authorised representative or the authority which is designated as a competent authority for the purposes of this Convention;

• j)

  the term “national”, in relation to a Contracting State, means:

  • (i)

    any individual possessing the nationality of that Contracting State; and

  • (ii)

    any legal person, partnership or association deriving its status as such from the laws in force in that Contracting State;

• k)

  the term “business” includes the performance of professional services and of other activities of an independent character;

• l)

  the term “recognised pension fund” of a Contracting State means an entity or arrangement established in that State that is treated as a separate person under the taxation laws of that State and:

  • (i)

    that is established and operated exclusively or almost exclusively to administer or provide retirement benefits and ancillary or incidental benefits to individuals and that is regulated as such by that State or one of its political subdivisions or local authorities; or

  • (ii)

    that is established and operated exclusively or almost exclusively to invest funds for the benefit of entities or arrangements referred to in subdivision (i).

2

As regards the application of the Convention at any time by a Contracting State, any term not defined therein shall, unless the context otherwise requires, have the meaning that it has at that time under the law of that State for the purposes of the taxes to which the Convention applies, any meaning under the applicable tax laws of that State prevailing over a meaning given to the term under other laws of that State.

1

For the purposes of this Convention, the term “resident of a Contracting State” means any person who, under the laws of that State, is liable to tax therein by reason of his domicile, residence, place of management or any other criterion of a similar nature, and also includes that State and any governmental body or agency, political subdivision or local authority thereof as well as a recognised pension fund of that State. This term, however, does not include any person who is liable to tax in that State in respect only of income from sources in that State.

2

Where by reason of the provisions of paragraph 1 an individual is a resident of both Contracting States, then his status shall be determined as follows:

• a)

  he shall be deemed to be a resident only of the State in which he has a permanent home available to him; if he has a permanent home available to him in both States, he shall be deemed to be a resident only of the State with which his personal and economic relations are closer (centre of vital interests);

• b)

  if the State in which he has his centre of vital interests cannot be determined, or if he has not a permanent home available to him in either State, he shall be deemed to be a resident only of the State in which he has an habitual abode;

• c)

  if he has an habitual abode in both States or in neither of them, he shall be deemed to be a resident only of the State of which he is a national;

• d)

  if he is a national of both States or of neither of them, the competent authorities of the Contracting States shall settle the question by mutual agreement.

3

Where by reason of the provisions of paragraph 1 a person other than an individual is a resident of both Contracting States, the competent authorities of the Contracting States shall endeavour to determine by mutual agreement the Contracting State of which such person shall be deemed to be a resident for the purposes of the Convention. In the absence of such agreement, such person shall not be entitled to any relief or exemption from tax provided by this Convention except to the extent and in such manner as may be agreed upon by the competent authorities of the Contracting States.

1

For the purposes of this Convention, the term “permanent establishment” means a fixed place of business through which the business of an enterprise is wholly or partly carried on.

2

The term “permanent establishment” includes especially:

• a)

  a place of management;

• b)

  a branch;

• c)

  an office;

• d)

  a factory;

• e)

  a workshop; and

• f)

  a mine, an oil or gas well, a quarry or any other place of extraction of natural resources.

3

A building site or construction, assembly or installation project or supervisory activities in connection therewith constitutes a permanent establishment only if it lasts more than twelve months.

4

Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs 1, 2 and 3, an enterprise of a Contracting State which carries on activities in the territorial sea of the other Contracting State or in any area beyond and adjacent to its territorial sea within which that other Contracting State, in accordance with international law, exercises jurisdiction or sovereign rights (offshore activities), shall be deemed to carry on, in respect of those activities, business in that other State through a permanent establishment situated therein, provided that the activities in question are carried on in the other State for a period or periods of in the aggregate 30 days or more in any twelve month period commencing or ending in the fiscal year concerned.

5

For the purpose of paragraph 4, the term “offshore activities” shall be deemed not to include:

• a)

  one or any combination of the activities mentioned in paragraph 8;

• b)

  towing or anchor handling by ships primarily designed for that purpose and any other activities performed by such ships;

• c)

  the transport of supplies or personnel by ships or aircraft in international traffic.

6

For the sole purpose of determining whether the twelve-month period referred to in paragraph 3 has been exceeded,

• a)

  where an enterprise of a Contracting State carries on activities in the other Contracting State at a place that constitutes a building site or construction, assembly or installation project or supervisory activities in connection therewith, and these activities are carried on during one or more periods of time that, in the aggregate, exceed 30 days without exceeding twelve months, and

• b)

  connected activities are carried on at the same building site or construction, assembly or installation project during different periods of time, each exceeding 30 days, by one or more enterprises closely related to the first-mentioned enterprise,

these different periods of time shall be added to the period of time during which the first-mentioned enterprise has carried on activities at that building site or construction, assembly or installation project.

7

For the sole purpose of determining whether the 30-day period referred to in paragraph 4 has been exceeded,

• a)

  where an enterprise of a Contracting State carries on offshore activities in the other Contracting State, and

• b)

  connected offshore activities are carried on in that State by one or more enterprises closely related to the first-mentioned enterprise,

the periods of time during which such connected offshore activities are carried on by those enterprises shall be added to the period of time during which the first-mentioned enterprise has carried on offshore activities in that other Contracting State.

8

Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this Article, the term “permanent establishment” shall be deemed not to include:

• a)

  the use of facilities solely for the purpose of storage, display or delivery of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise;

• b)

  the maintenance of a stock of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise solely for the purpose of storage, display or delivery;

• c)

  the maintenance of a stock of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise solely for the purpose of processing by another enterprise;

• d)

  the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for the purpose of purchasing goods or merchandise or of collecting information, for the enterprise;

• e)

  the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for the purpose of carrying on, for the enterprise, any other activity of a preparatory or auxiliary character;

• f)

  the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for any combination of activities mentioned in sub-paragraphs a) to e), provided that the overall activity of the fixed place of business resulting from this combination is of a preparatory or auxiliary character.

9

Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2, where a person other than an agent of an independent status to whom paragraph 10 applies is acting on behalf of an enterprise and has, and habitually exercises, in a Contracting State an authority to conclude contracts in the name of the enterprise, that enterprise shall be deemed to have a permanent establishment in that State in respect of any activities which that person undertakes for the enterprise, unless the activities of such person are limited to those mentioned in paragraph 8 which, if exercised through a fixed place of business, would not make this fixed place of business a permanent establishment under the provisions of that paragraph.

10

An enterprise shall not be deemed to have a permanent establishment in a Contracting State merely because it carries on business in that State through a broker, general commission agent or any other agent of an independent status, provided that such persons are acting in the ordinary course of their business.

11

For the purposes of this Article, an enterprise is closely related to another enterprise if, based on all the relevant facts and circumstances, one has control of the other or both are under the control of the same persons or enterprises. In any case, an enterprise shall be considered to be closely related to another enterprise if one possesses directly or indirectly more than 50 per cent of the beneficial interest in the other (or, in the case of a company, more than 50 per cent of the aggregate vote and value of the company’s shares or of the beneficial equity interest in the company) or if another person or enterprise possesses directly or indirectly more than 50 per cent of the beneficial interest (or, in the case of a company, more than 50 per cent of the aggregate vote and value of the company’s shares or of the beneficial equity interest in the company) in the two enterprises.

12

The fact that a company which is a resident of a Contracting State controls or is controlled by a company which is a resident of the other Contracting State, or which carries on business in that other State (whether through a permanent establishment or otherwise), shall not of itself constitute either company a permanent establishment of the other.

1

Income derived by a resident of a Contracting State from immovable property (including income from agriculture or forestry) situated in the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.

2

The term “immovable property” shall have the meaning which it has under the law of the Contracting State in which the property in question is situated. The term shall in any case include property accessory to immovable property, livestock and equipment used in agriculture and forestry, rights to which the provisions of general law respecting landed property apply, buildings, usufruct of immovable property and rights to variable or fixed payments as consideration for the working of, or the right to work, mineral deposits, sources and other natural resources; ships and aircraft shall not be regarded as immovable property.

3

The provisions of paragraph 1 shall apply to income derived from the direct use, letting, or use in any other form of immovable property.

4

The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 3 shall also apply to the income from immovable property of an enterprise.

1

Profits of an enterprise of a Contracting State shall be taxable only in that State unless the enterprise carries on business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein. If the enterprise carries on business as aforesaid, the profits that are attributable to the permanent establishment in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 2 may be taxed in that other State.

2

For the purposes of this Article and Article 21, the profits that are attributable in each Contracting State to the permanent establishment referred to in paragraph 1 are the profits it might be expected to make, in particular in its dealings with other parts of the enterprise, if it were a separate and independent enterprise engaged in the same or similar activities under the same or similar conditions, taking into account the functions performed, assets used and risks assumed by the enterprise through the permanent establishment and through the other parts of the enterprise.

3

Where, in accordance with paragraph 2, a Contracting State adjusts the profits that are attributable to a permanent establishment of an enterprise of one of the Contracting States and taxes accordingly profits of the enterprise that have been charged to tax in the other State, the other Contracting State shall, to the extent necessary to eliminate double taxation on these profits, make an appropriate adjustment if it agrees with the adjustment made by the first-mentioned State; if the other Contracting State does not so agree, the Contracting States shall endeavour to eliminate any double taxation resulting therefrom by mutual agreement.

4

Where profits include items of income which are dealt with separately in other Articles of this Convention, then the provisions of those Articles shall not be affected by the provisions of this Article.

1

Profits of an enterprise of a Contracting State from the operation of ships or aircraft in international traffic shall be taxable only in that State.

2

The provisions of paragraph 1 shall also apply to profits from the participation in a pool, a joint business or an international operating agency.

1

Where

• a)

  an enterprise of a Contracting State participates directly or indirectly in the management, control or capital of an enterprise of the other Contracting State, or

• b)

  the same persons participate directly or indirectly in the management, control or capital of an enterprise of a Contracting State and an enterprise of the other Contracting State,

and in either case conditions are made or imposed between the two enterprises in their commercial or financial relations which differ from those which would be made between independent enterprises, then any profits which would, but for those conditions, have accrued to one of the enterprises, but, by reason of those conditions, have not so accrued, may be included in the profits of that enterprise and taxed accordingly.

2

Where a Contracting State includes in the profits of an enterprise of that State – and taxes accordingly – profits on which an enterprise of the other Contracting State has been charged to tax in that other State and the profits so included are profits which would have accrued to the enterprise of the first-mentioned State if the conditions made between the two enterprises had been those which would have been made between independent enterprises, then that other State shall make an appropriate adjustment to the amount of the tax charged therein on those profits. In determining such adjustment, due regard shall be had to the other provisions of this Convention and the competent authorities of the Contracting States shall if necessary consult each other.

1

Dividends paid by a company which is a resident of a Contracting State to a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.

2

However, dividends paid by a company which is a resident of a Contracting State may also be taxed in that State according to the laws of that State, but if the beneficial owner of the dividends is a resident of the other Contracting State, the tax so charged shall not exceed 15 per cent of the gross amount of the dividends.

3

Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 2, dividends paid by a company which is a resident of a Contracting State shall be taxable only in the other Contracting State if the beneficial owner of the dividends is a company which is a resident of that other State and holds directly at least 10 per cent of the capital or voting power of the company paying the dividends throughout a 365 day period that includes the day of the payment of the dividend (for the purpose of computing that period, no account shall be taken of changes of ownership that would directly result from a corporate reorganisation, such as a merger or divisive reorganisation, of the company that holds the shares or that pays the dividend).

4

The provisions of paragraphs 2 and 3 shall not affect the taxation of the company in respect of the profits out of which the dividends are paid.

5

The term “dividends” as used in this Article means income from shares, “jouissance“ shares or “jouissance” rights, mining shares, founders’ shares or other rights, not being debt-claims, participating in profits, as well as income from other corporate rights which is subjected to the same taxation treatment as income from shares by the laws of the State of which the company making the distribution is a resident.

6

The provisions of paragraphs 1, 2, 3 and 8 shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the dividends, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State of which the company paying the dividends is a resident through a permanent establishment situated therein and the holding in respect of which the dividends are paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment. In such case the provisions of Article 7 shall apply.

7

Where a company which is a resident of a Contracting State derives profits or income from the other Contracting State, that other State may not impose any tax on the dividends paid by the company, except insofar as such dividends are paid to a resident of that other State or insofar as the holding in respect of which the dividends are paid is effectively connected with a permanent establishment situated in that other State, nor subject the company's undistributed profits to a tax on the company's undistributed profits, even if the dividends paid or the undistributed profits consist wholly or partly of profits or income arising in such other State.

8

Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs 1, 2, and 7, dividends paid by a company which under the laws of a Contracting State is a resident of that State, to an individual who is a resident of the other Contracting State and who upon ceasing to be a resident of the first-mentioned State is taxed on the appreciation of capital as meant in paragraph 5 of Article 13 may also be taxed in that State in accordance with the laws of that State, but only insofar as the revenue claim on the appreciation of capital is still outstanding.

1

Interest arising in a Contracting State and beneficially owned by a resident of the other Contracting State shall be taxable only in that other State.

2

The term “interest” as used in this Article means income from debt-claims of every kind, whether or not secured by mortgage and whether or not carrying a right to participate in the debtor's profits, and in particular, income from government securities and income from bonds or debentures, including premiums and prizes attaching to such securities, bonds or debentures. Penalty charges for late payment shall not be regarded as interest for the purpose of this Article.

3

The provisions of paragraph 1 shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the interest, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State in which the interest arises through a permanent establishment situated therein and the debt-claim in respect of which the interest is paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment. In such case the provisions of Article 7 shall apply.

4

Where, by reason of a special relationship between the payer and the beneficial owner or between both of them and some other person, the amount of the interest, having regard to the debt-claim for which it is paid, exceeds the amount which would have been agreed upon by the payer and the beneficial owner in the absence of such relationship, the provisions of this Article shall apply only to the last-mentioned amount. In such case, the excess part of the payments shall remain taxable according to the laws of each Contracting State, due regard being had to the other provisions of this Convention.

1

Royalties arising in a Contracting State and beneficially owned by a resident of the other Contracting State shall be taxable only in that other State.

2

The term “royalties” as used in this Article means payments of any kind received as a consideration for the use of, or the right to use, any copyright of literary, artistic or scientific work including cinematograph films and films or tapes for radio or television broadcasting, any patent, trade mark, design or model, plan, secret formula or process, or for information concerning industrial, commercial or scientific experience.

3

The provisions of paragraph 1 shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the royalties, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State in which the royalties arise through a permanent establishment situated therein and the right or property in respect of which the royalties are paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment. In such case the provisions of Article 7 shall apply.

4

Where, by reason of a special relationship between the payer and the beneficial owner or between both of them and some other person, the amount of the royalties, having regard to the use, right or information for which they are paid, exceeds the amount which would have been agreed upon by the payer and the beneficial owner in the absence of such relationship, the provisions of this Article shall apply only to the last-mentioned amount. In such case, the excess part of the payments shall remain taxable according to the laws of each Contracting State, due regard being had to the other provisions of this Convention.

1

Gains derived by a resident of a Contracting State from the alienation of immovable property referred to in Article 6 and situated in the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.

2

Gains from the alienation of movable property forming part of the business property of a permanent establishment which an enterprise of a Contracting State has in the other Contracting State, including such gains from the alienation of such a permanent establishment (alone or with the whole enterprise), may be taxed in that other State.

3

Gains that an enterprise of a Contracting State that operates ships or aircraft in international traffic derives from the alienation of such ships or aircraft, or from movable property pertaining to the operation of such ships or aircraft, shall be taxable only in that State.

4

Gains from the alienation of any property other than that referred to in paragraphs 1, 2 and 3, shall be taxable only in the Contracting State of which the alienator is a resident.

5

Where an individual has been a resident of a Contracting State and has become a resident of the other Contracting State, the provisions of paragraph 4 shall not prevent the first-mentioned State from collecting under its domestic law the tax on capital appreciation of any property, other than that referred to in paragraphs 1, 2 and 3, for the period of residency of that individual in the first-mentioned State.

6

Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 4 gains from the alienation of any property, other than that referred to in paragraphs 1, 2 and 3, derived by an individual who has been a resident of a Contracting State and who has become a resident of the other Contracting State, may be taxed in the first-mentioned State under its domestic law if the alienation of the property occurs at any time during the calendar year in which the individual has ceased to be a resident of the first-mentioned State, or during any of the ten calendar years next following that year.

1

Subject to the provisions of Articles 15, 17 and 18, salaries, wages and other similar remuneration derived by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of an employment shall be taxable only in that State unless the employment is exercised in the other Contracting State. If the employment is so exercised, such remuneration as is derived therefrom may be taxed in that other State.

2

Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 1, remuneration derived by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of an employment exercised in the other Contracting State shall be taxable only in the first-mentioned State if:

• a)

  the recipient is present in the other State for a period or periods not exceeding in the aggregate 183 days in any twelve month period commencing or ending in the fiscal year concerned, and

• b)

  the remuneration is paid by, or on behalf of, an employer who is not a resident of the other State, and

• c)

  the remuneration is not borne by a permanent establishment which the employer has in the other State.

3

Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this Article, remuneration derived by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of an employment, as a member of the regular complement of a ship or aircraft, that is exercised aboard a ship or aircraft operated in international traffic, other than aboard a ship or aircraft operated solely within the other Contracting State, shall be taxable only in the first-mentioned State.

1

Directors' fees and other similar payments derived by a resident of a Contracting State in his capacity as a member of the board of directors of a company which is a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.

2

For the purpose of the provisions of paragraph 1, the term “member of the board of directors” includes any person who is charged with the general management of the company and any person who is charged with the supervision thereof.

1

Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 14, income derived by a resident of a Contracting State as an entertainer, such as a theatre, motion picture, radio or television artiste, or a musician, or as a sportsperson, from that resident’s personal activities as such exercised in the other Contracting State, may be taxed in that other State.

2

Where income in respect of personal activities exercised by an entertainer or a sportsperson acting as such accrues not to the entertainer or sportsperson but to another person, that income may, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 14, be taxed in the Contracting State in which the activities of the entertainer or sportsperson are exercised.

3

The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not apply to income derived from activities exercised in a Contracting State by entertainers or sportspersons if the visit to that State is for at least 75 per cent supported by public funds of the other Contracting State or a political subdivision or local authority thereof. In such a case, the income shall be taxable only in the Contracting State of which the entertainer or the sportsperson is a resident.

1

Pensions and other similar remuneration, as well as annuities, arising in a Contracting State and paid to a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in the first-mentioned State.

2

A pension, other similar remuneration or an annuity referred to in paragraph 1 shall be deemed to arise in a Contracting State insofar as the contributions or payments associated with that pension or other similar remuneration or annuity, or the entitlements received from that pension or other similar remuneration or annuity, qualified for relief from tax in that State.

3

Pensions paid and other payments made under the provisions of the social security legislation of a Contracting State to a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in the first-mentioned State.

4

The term “annuity” means a stated sum payable periodically at stated times during life or during a specified or ascertainable period of time under an obligation to make the payments in return for adequate and full consideration in money or money's worth.

5

The provisions of this Article shall also apply to a lump sum payment in lieu of a pension or another similar remuneration or an annuity.

1

• a)

  Salaries, wages and other similar remuneration, other than income to which Article 17 applies, paid by a Contracting State or a political subdivision or a local authority thereof to an individual in respect of services rendered to that State or subdivision or authority shall be taxable only in that State.

• b)

  However, such salaries, wages and other similar remuneration shall be taxable only in the other Contracting State if the services are rendered in that State and the individual is a resident of that State who:

  • (i)

    is a national of that State; or

  • (ii)

    did not become a resident of that State solely for the purpose of rendering the services.

2

The provisions of Articles 14, 15 and 16 shall apply to salaries, wages and other similar remuneration in respect of services rendered in connection with a business carried on by a Contracting State or a political subdivision or a local authority thereof.

1

Items of income of a resident of a Contracting State, wherever arising, not dealt with in the foregoing Articles of this Convention shall be taxable only in that State.

2

The provisions of paragraph 1 shall not apply to income, other than income from immovable property as defined in paragraph 2 of Article 6, if the recipient of such income, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein and the right or property in respect of which the income is paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment. In such case the provisions of Article 7 shall apply.

1

The Netherlands may include in the basis upon which taxes are imposed on its residents, the items of income which according to the provisions of this Convention may be taxed or shall be taxable only in Sweden. In such cases, however, the Netherlands shall allow a reduction of or a deduction from the Netherlands tax according to the provisions of paragraphs 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.

2

Where a resident of the Netherlands derives items of income which according to paragraphs 1, 3 and 4 of Article 6, paragraph 1 of Article 7, paragraph 6 of Article 10, paragraph 3 of Article 11, paragraph 3 of Article 12, paragraphs 1 and 2 of Article 13, paragraph 1 of Article 14, paragraphs 1 and 3 of Article 17, paragraph 1 of Article 18 and paragraph 2 of Article 20 of this Convention may be taxed in Sweden, and are included in the basis referred to in paragraph 1, the Netherlands shall exempt such items of income by allowing a reduction of its tax. This reduction shall be computed in conformity with the provisions of the Netherlands law for the elimination of double taxation. For that purpose the said items of income shall be deemed to be included in the amount of the items of income which are exempt from Netherlands tax under those provisions.

3

The provisions of paragraph 2 shall not apply to items of income derived by a resident of the Netherlands where Sweden applies the provisions of this Convention to exempt such items of income from tax or applies the provisions of paragraph 2 of Article 10 to such items of income. In such case, the provisions of paragraph 4 shall apply accordingly.

4

Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 2, the Netherlands shall allow a deduction from the Netherlands tax for the tax paid in Sweden on items of income which according to paragraph 1 of Article 7, paragraph 6 of Article 10, paragraph 3 of Article 11, paragraph 3 of Article 12, paragraph 2 of Article 13 and paragraph 2 of Article 20 of this Convention may be taxed in Sweden, to the extent that these items of income are included in the basis referred to in paragraph 1, insofar as the Netherlands under the provisions of the Netherlands law for the elimination of double taxation allows a reduction of the Netherlands tax for the tax levied in another country on such items of income. For the computation of this reduction the provisions of paragraph 5 of this Article shall apply accordingly.

5

Where a resident of the Netherlands derives items of income which according to paragraphs 2 and 8 of Article 10, paragraphs 5 and 6 of Article 13, paragraph 1 of Article 15, paragraphs 1 and 2 of Article 16 and paragraph 5 of Article 17 of this Convention may be taxed in Sweden, the Netherlands shall allow a deduction from its tax to the extent that these items are included in the basis referred to in paragraph 1. The amount of this deduction shall be equal to the tax paid in Sweden on these items of income, but shall, in case the provisions of the Netherlands law for the elimination of double taxation provide so, not exceed the amount of the deduction which would be allowed if the items of income so included were the sole items for which the Netherlands gives a reduction under the provisions of the Netherlands law for the elimination of double taxation.

6

The provisions of paragraph 5 shall not restrict allowance now or hereafter accorded by the provisions of the Netherlands law for the elimination of double taxation, but only as far as the calculation of the amount of the reduction of Netherlands tax is concerned with respect to the aggregation of income from more than one jurisdiction and the carry forward of the tax paid in Sweden on the said items of income to subsequent years.

7

In the case of Sweden, double taxation shall be avoided as follows:

• a)

  Where a resident of Sweden derives income which under the laws of the Netherlands and in accordance with the provisions of this Convention may be taxed in the Netherlands, Sweden shall allow – subject to the provisions of the laws of Sweden concerning credit for foreign tax (as it may be amended from time to time without changing the general principle hereof) – as a deduction from the tax on such income, an amount equal to the Netherlands tax paid in respect of such income.

• b)

  Where an individual resident in Sweden has previously been a resident of the Netherlands and has, due to the cessation of residency in the Netherlands, been deemed under the laws of the Netherlands to have alienated property referred to in paragraph 4 of Article 13 before ceasing to be resident there, and has been taxed in the Netherlands accordingly on the appreciation of that property that took place while the individual was a resident of the Netherlands, the following shall apply.

  If the individual alienates such property while being a resident of Sweden, Sweden shall allow a deduction under paragraph a) for the tax paid in the Netherlands, to the extent that the taxable income in Sweden on that property includes the appreciation of the alienated property that took place while the individual was a resident of the Netherlands.

  For the purpose of calculating this deduction, the tax paid in the Netherlands shall be treated as tax paid under the laws of Sweden on the same income (in whole or in part) and in the same taxable year as any Swedish tax paid by that individual on capital gains arising upon the alienation of that property.

• c)

  Where a resident of Sweden derives income which, in accordance with the provisions of this Convention, shall be taxable only in the Netherlands, Sweden may, when determining the graduated rate of Swedish tax, take into account the income which shall be taxable only in the Netherlands.

• d)

  Notwithstanding the provisions of sub-paragraph a) of this paragraph, dividends paid by a company which is a resident of the Netherlands to a company which is a resident of Sweden shall be exempt from Swedish tax according to the provisions of Swedish law governing the exemption of tax on dividends paid to Swedish companies by companies abroad.

1

Nationals of a Contracting State shall not be subjected in the other Contracting State to any taxation or any requirement connected therewith, which is other or more burdensome than the taxation and connected requirements to which nationals of that other State in the same circumstances, in particular with respect to residence, are or may be subjected. This provision shall, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 1, also apply to persons who are not residents of one or both of the Contracting States.

2

The taxation on a permanent establishment which an enterprise of a Contracting State has in the other Contracting State shall not be less favourably levied in that other State than the taxation levied on enterprises of that other State carrying on the same activities. This provision shall not be construed as obliging a Contracting State to grant to residents of the other Contracting State any personal allowances, reliefs and reductions for taxation purposes on account of civil status or family responsibilities which it grants to its own residents.

3

Except where the provisions of paragraph 1 of Article 9, paragraph 4 of Article 11, or paragraph 4 of Article 12, apply, interest, royalties and other disbursements paid by an enterprise of a Contracting State to a resident of the other Contracting State shall, for the purpose of determining the taxable profits of such enterprise, be deductible under the same conditions as if they had been paid to a resident of the first-mentioned State.

4

Enterprises of a Contracting State, the capital of which is wholly or partly owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by one or more residents of the other Contracting State, shall not be subjected in the first-mentioned State to any taxation or any requirement connected therewith which is other or more burdensome than the taxation and connected requirements to which other similar enterprises of the first-mentioned State are or may be subjected.

5

The provisions of this Article shall, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 2, apply to taxes of every kind and description.

1

Where a person considers that the actions of one or both of the Contracting States result or will result for him in taxation not in accordance with the provisions of this Convention, he may, irrespective of the remedies provided by the domestic law of those States, present his case to the competent authority of either Contracting State. The case must be presented within three years from the first notification of the action resulting in taxation not in accordance with the provisions of the Convention.

2

The competent authority shall endeavour, if the objection appears to it to be justified and if it is not itself able to arrive at a satisfactory solution, to resolve the case by mutual agreement with the competent authority of the other Contracting State, with a view to the avoidance of taxation which is not in accordance with the Convention. Any agreement reached shall be implemented notwithstanding any time limits in the domestic law of the Contracting States.

3

The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall endeavour to resolve by mutual agreement any difficulties or doubts arising as to the interpretation or application of the Convention. They may also consult together for the elimination of double taxation in cases not provided for in the Convention.

4

The competent authorities of the Contracting States may communicate with each other directly for the purpose of reaching an agreement in the sense of the preceding paragraphs.

5

Where,

• a)

  under paragraph 1, a person has presented a case to the competent authority of a Contracting State on the basis that the actions of one or both of the Contracting States have resulted for that person in taxation not in accordance with the provisions of this Convention, and

• b)

  the competent authorities are unable to reach an agreement to resolve that case pursuant to paragraph 2 within three years from the date when all the information required by the competent authorities in order to address the case has been provided to both competent authorities,

any unresolved issues arising from the case shall be submitted to arbitration if the person so requests in writing. Unless a person directly affected by the case does not accept the mutual agreement that implements the arbitration decision, that decision shall be binding on both Contracting States and shall be implemented notwithstanding any time limits in the domestic laws of these States. The competent authorities of the Contracting States may by mutual agreement settle the mode of application of this paragraph.

6

The provisions of paragraph 5 shall not apply to cases falling within paragraph 3 of Article 4.

7

Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 5, a case shall not be submitted to arbitration if the competent authorities of both Contracting States have agreed that the case is not suitable for resolution through arbitration.

1

The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall exchange such information as is foreseeably relevant for carrying out the provisions of this Convention or to the administration or enforcement of the domestic laws concerning taxes of every kind and description imposed on behalf of the Contracting States, or of their political subdivisions or local authorities, insofar as the taxation thereunder is not contrary to the Convention. The exchange of information is not restricted by Articles 1 and 2.

2

Any information received under paragraph 1 by a Contracting State shall be treated as secret in the same manner as information obtained under the domestic laws of that State and shall be disclosed only to persons or authorities (including courts and administrative bodies) concerned with the assessment or collection of, the enforcement or prosecution in respect of, the determination of appeals in relation to the taxes referred to in paragraph 1, or the oversight of the above. Such persons or authorities shall use the information only for such purposes. They may disclose the information in public court proceedings or in judicial decisions. Notwithstanding the foregoing, information received by a Contracting State may be used for other purposes when such information may be used for such other purposes under the laws of both States and the competent authority of the supplying State authorises such use.

3

In no case shall the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 be construed so as to impose on a Contracting State the obligation:

• a)

  to carry out administrative measures at variance with the laws and administrative practice of that or of the other Contracting State;

• b)

  to supply information which is not obtainable under the laws or in the normal course of the administration of that or of the other Contracting State;

• c)

  to supply information which would disclose any trade, business, industrial, commercial or professional secret or trade process, or information, the disclosure of which would be contrary to public policy (ordre public).

4

If information is requested by a Contracting State in accordance with this Article, the other Contracting State shall use its information gathering measures to obtain the requested information, even though that other State may not need such information for its own tax purposes. The obligation contained in the preceding sentence is subject to the limitations of paragraph 3 but in no case shall such limitations be construed to permit a Contracting State to decline to supply information solely because it has no domestic interest in such information.

5

In no case shall the provisions of paragraph 3 be construed to permit a Contracting State to decline to supply information solely because the information is held by a bank, other financial institution, nominee or person acting in an agency or a fiduciary capacity or because it relates to ownership interests in a person.

1

The Contracting States shall lend assistance to each other in the collection of revenue claims. This assistance is not restricted by Articles 1 and 2. The competent authorities of the Contracting States may by mutual agreement settle the mode of application of this Article.

2

The term “revenue claim” as used in this Article means an amount owed in respect of taxes of every kind and description imposed on behalf of the Contracting States, or of their political subdivisions or local authorities, insofar as the taxation thereunder is not contrary to this Convention or any other instrument to which the Contracting States are parties, as well as interest, administrative penalties and costs of collection or conservancy related to such amount.

3

When a revenue claim of a Contracting State is enforceable under the laws of that State and is owed by a person who, at that time, cannot, under the laws of that State, prevent its collection, that revenue claim shall, at the request of the competent authority of that State, be accepted for purposes of collection by the competent authority of the other Contracting State. That revenue claim shall be collected by that other State in accordance with the provisions of its laws applicable to the enforcement and collection of its own taxes as if the revenue claim were a revenue claim of that other State.

4

When a revenue claim of a Contracting State is a claim in respect of which that State may, under its law, take measures of conservancy with a view to ensure its collection, that revenue claim shall, at the request of the competent authority of that State, be accepted for purposes of taking measures of conservancy by the competent authority of the other Contracting State. That other State shall take measures of conservancy in respect of that revenue claim in accordance with the provisions of its laws as if the revenue claim were a revenue claim of that other State even if, at the time when such measures are applied, the revenue claim is not enforceable in the first-mentioned State or is owed by a person who has a right to prevent its collection.

5

Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs 3 and 4, a revenue claim accepted by a Contracting State for purposes of paragraph 3 or 4 shall not, in that State, be subject to the time limits or accorded any priority applicable to a revenue claim under the laws of that State by reason of its nature as such. In addition, a revenue claim accepted by a Contracting State for the purposes of paragraph 3 or 4 shall not, in that State, have any priority applicable to that revenue claim under the laws of the other Contracting State.

6

Proceedings with respect to the existence, validity or the amount of a revenue claim of a Contracting State shall not be brought before the courts or administrative bodies of the other Contracting State.

7

Where, at any time after a request has been made by a Contracting State under paragraph 3 or 4 and before the other Contracting State has collected and remitted the relevant revenue claim to the first-mentioned State, the relevant revenue claim ceases to be

• a)

  in the case of a request under paragraph 3, a revenue claim of the first-mentioned State that is enforceable under the laws of that State and is owed by a person who, at that time, cannot, under the laws of that State, prevent its collection, or

• b)

  in the case of a request under paragraph 4, a revenue claim of the first-mentioned State in respect of which that State may, under its laws, take measures of conservancy with a view to ensure its collection;

the competent authority of the first-mentioned State shall promptly notify the competent authority of the other State of that fact and, at the option of the other State, the first-mentioned State shall either suspend or withdraw its request.

8

In no case shall the provisions of this Article be construed so as to impose on a Contracting State the obligation:

• a)

  to carry out administrative measures at variance with the laws and administrative practice of that or of the other Contracting State;

• b)

  to carry out measures which would be contrary to public policy (ordre public);

• c)

  to provide assistance if the other Contracting State has not pursued all reasonable measures of collection or conservancy, as the case may be, available under its laws or administrative practice;

• d)

  to provide assistance in those cases where the administrative burden for that State is clearly disproportionate to the benefit to be derived by the other Contracting State.

1

Notwithstanding the other provisions of this Convention, a benefit under this Convention shall not be granted in respect of an item of income if it is reasonable to conclude, having regard to all relevant facts and circumstances, that obtaining that benefit was one of the principal purposes of any arrangement or transaction that resulted directly or indirectly in that benefit, unless it is established that granting that benefit in these circumstances would be in accordance with the object and purpose of the relevant provisions of this Convention.

2

Where a benefit under this Convention is denied to a person under paragraph 1, the competent authority of the Contracting State that would otherwise have granted this benefit shall nevertheless treat that person as being entitled to this benefit, or to different benefits with respect to a specific item of income, if such competent authority, upon request from that person and after consideration of the relevant facts and circumstances, determines that such benefits would have been granted in the absence of the transaction or arrangement referred to in paragraph 1. The competent authority of the Contracting State to which the request has been made shall consult with the competent authority of the other State before rejecting a request made under this paragraph by a resident of that other State.

3

Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Convention, where

• a)

  a company that is a resident of a Contracting State derives its income primarily from other States

  • (i)

    from shipping or financial activities, or

  • (ii)

    from being the headquarters or co-ordination centre for, or from being an entity providing administrative services or other support to, a group of companies which carry on business primarily in other States; and

• b)

  under a preferential regime, such income bears a tax lower than 60 per cent of the tax that is borne by income from similar activities carried out within that State or by income from being the headquarters or co-ordination centre for, or from being an entity providing administrative services or other support to, a group of companies which carry on business in that State, as the case may be, any provisions of this Convention conferring an exemption or a reduction of tax shall not apply to the income of such company and the provisions of paragraph 2 of Article 10 and Article 21 shall not apply to the dividends paid by such company.

1

This Convention may be extended, either in its entirety or with any necessary modifications, to any part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands which is not situated in Europe, if the part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands concerned imposes taxes substantially similar in character to those to which the Convention applies and the Kingdom of Sweden and the Kingdom of the Netherlands agree to such an extension. Any such extension shall take effect from such date and shall be subject to such modifications and conditions, including conditions as to termination, as may be specified and agreed between the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Kingdom of Sweden in notes to be exchanged through diplomatic channels or in any other manner in accordance with their constitutional procedures.

2

Unless otherwise agreed, the termination of this Convention shall not also terminate this Convention for any part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands to which this Convention has been extended under this Article.

1

Each of the Contracting States shall notify the other in writing of the completion of the procedures required by its law for the entry into force of this Convention.

2

The Convention shall enter into force on the last day of the month following the month in which the later of the notifications has been received and shall thereupon have effect

• a)

  in respect of taxes withheld at source, for amounts paid or credited on or after the first day of January of the year next following the year in which the Convention enters into force;

• b)

  in respect of other taxes on income, on taxes chargeable for any tax year beginning on or after the first day of January of the year next following the year in which the Convention enters into force.

3

The Convention between the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Kingdom of Sweden for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income and on capital, with Protocol, signed in Stockholm on 18 June 1991, shall cease to be in force upon the entry into force of this Convention. However, the provisions of the 1991 Convention shall continue to have effect until the provisions of this Convention, in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 2 of this Article, shall have effect.

1

This Convention shall remain in force until terminated by a Contracting State. Either Contracting State may terminate the Convention, through diplomatic channels, by giving written notice of termination at least six months before the end of any calendar year. In such case, the Convention shall cease to have effect

• a)

  in respect of taxes withheld at source, for amounts paid or credited on or after the first day of January of the year next following the end of the six month period;

• b)

  in respect of other taxes on income, on taxes chargeable for any tax year beginning on or after the first day of January of the year next following the end of the six month period.

2

Notice of termination shall be regarded as having been given by a Contracting State on the date of receipt of such notice by the other Contracting State.